汲む（くむ）Conjugation
JLPT N2 · Godan verb (Group 1) · Meaning: to scoop; to understand
Full conjugation table
| Form | Japanese | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary form The base form — casual speech and the stem for many grammar patterns. | 汲む | くむ |
| masu (polite present) Polite present/future affirmative. | 汲みます | くみます |
| masen (polite negative) Polite present negative. | 汲みません | くみません |
| mashita (polite past) Polite past affirmative. | 汲みました | くみました |
| masen deshita (polite past neg.) Polite past negative. | 汲みませんでした | くみませんでした |
| te-form The most versatile form — linking, requests, progressive and more. | 汲んで | くんで |
| ta (plain past) Plain past affirmative. | 汲んだ | くんだ |
| nai (plain negative) Plain present negative. | 汲まない | くまない |
| nakatta (plain past neg.) Plain past negative. | 汲まなかった | くまなかった |
| Potential Ability or possibility — 'can do'. | 汲める | くめる |
| Passive Passive voice — 'to be done to'. | 汲まれる | くまれる |
| Causative Causative — 'to make/let someone do'. | 汲ませる | くませる |
| Volitional Volitional — 'let's…' or intention. | 汲もう | くもう |
| Imperative Imperative — a strong command; used sparingly. | 汲め | くめ |
| Prohibitive Prohibitive — 'don't do it!'. | 汲むな | くむな |
| Conditional (ba) Hypothetical 'if' — leans written. | 汲めば | くめば |
| Conditional (tara) The most versatile everyday 'if / when'. | 汲んだら | くんだら |
Example sentences
- 彼の気持ちを汲んで許す。 — She forgives him, taking his feelings into consideration.
- 井戸から水を汲む。 — He draws water from the well.