鍛える(きたえる)Conjugation

JLPT N3 · Ichidan verb (Group 2) · Meaning: to train/temper

Full conjugation table

FormJapaneseReading
Dictionary form
The base form — casual speech and the stem for many grammar patterns.
鍛えるきたえる
masu (polite present)
Polite present/future affirmative.
鍛えますきたえます
masen (polite negative)
Polite present negative.
鍛えませんきたえません
mashita (polite past)
Polite past affirmative.
鍛えましたきたえました
masen deshita (polite past neg.)
Polite past negative.
鍛えませんでしたきたえませんでした
te-form
The most versatile form — linking, requests, progressive and more.
鍛えてきたえて
ta (plain past)
Plain past affirmative.
鍛えたきたえた
nai (plain negative)
Plain present negative.
鍛えないきたえない
nakatta (plain past neg.)
Plain past negative.
鍛えなかったきたえなかった
Potential
Ability or possibility — 'can do'.
鍛えられるきたえられる
Passive
Passive voice — 'to be done to'.
鍛えられるきたえられる
Causative
Causative — 'to make/let someone do'.
鍛えさせるきたえさせる
Volitional
Volitional — 'let's…' or intention.
鍛えようきたえよう
Imperative
Imperative — a strong command; used sparingly.
鍛えろきたえろ
Prohibitive
Prohibitive — 'don't do it!'.
鍛えるなきたえるな
Conditional (ba)
Hypothetical 'if' — leans written.
鍛えればきたえれば
Conditional (tara)
The most versatile everyday 'if / when'.
鍛えたらきたえたら

Example sentences

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