N2 Grammar ⑨　において

において / にわたって / をはじめとして — formal scope expressions

'In modern society...' 'Research spanning 10 years...' 'Starting with Tokyo, held across Japan.' These three anchor formal writing in time, place, and representative examples.

What you'll learn

• において: formal written 'in / within' (a context, field, or scope)
• にわたって: 'spanning / over / across' (time period or geographic range)
• をはじめとして: 'starting with / led by / including as representative'
• Memory: において=formal 'in'; にわたって=spans; をはじめ='starting with'

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