Particles: や / まで

A and B (and more) / until ~ / up to ~

'There are books and pens on the desk.' 'Class is until 11.' や lists examples without being exhaustive, and まで marks where something ends — in time or place.

What you'll learn

• や: A and B (and possibly more). Non-exhaustive, like 'such as'
• と vs や: と = complete list; や = partial/suggestive list
• まで: until / up to ~ (endpoint). から〜まで = from ~ to ~

JLPT N5 Japanese self-study — interactive practice, instant feedback, completely free.