Lesson 149: どころか・どころではない・にすぎない・にほかならない
N2 · Lesson 149 · 18 min — Far from, no time for, nothing more than, none other than: four phrases for a week of exams and petitions
In the last lesson, Rin's alternative plan was ready, and Mr. Kuma decided to give up the land in front of his shop. But the December JLPT is getting close too. This lesson has four patterns: どころか (far from / let alone), どころでは ない (no time for), に すぎない (nothing more than), and に ほかならない (none other than). Let's read the comic first!
After this lesson, you can:
- Use どころか to say "Forget A, not even B" or "Far from A, it's actually B"
- Use どころでは ない to say "I have no time for ~ right now": 勉強どころじゃ ない
- Use に すぎない to play things down: 一本の 木に すぎない
- Use に ほかならない to say "It is exactly ~" with full confidence, and tell it apart from に すぎない, which points the opposite way
Exams and petitions, both on fire
Last lesson, Mr. Kuma decided to give up his shop's land. It's December, the JLPT is ten days away, and Rin is still collecting signatures... (試験= exam, 十日= ten days, 約束= promise, 署名集め = collecting signatures, 手伝う = to help, 三杯目= third bowl)
どころか = far from, どころでは ない = no time for, に すぎない plays down, に ほかならない says "exactly." Next lesson: the exam room and an interview await Rin!
Words for this lesson: exams, promises and the third bowl
- 〜どころか (dokoroka): far from ~ (even ~); not ~ but rather ~
- 〜どころでは ない (dokoro de wa nai): no time for ~; in no mood for ~
- 〜に すぎない (ni suginai): nothing more than ~; just ~
- 〜に ほかならない (ni hoka naranai): none other than ~; nothing but ~
- 試験 (shiken): exam
- もうすぐ (mōsugu): soon; about to ~
- あと〜 (ato): ~ left; ~ more to go
- 十日 (tōka): ten days; the 10th
- 約束 (yakusoku): promise; appointment
- 手伝う (tetsudau): to help
- ダイエット (daietto): diet (to lose weight)
- 三杯目 (sanbaime): third bowl
- 意見 (iken): opinion
- 努力 (doryoku): effort
- 成功 (seikō): success
- 運 (un): luck
- 参加者 (sankasha): participant
- 観光 (kankō): sightseeing
- 熱 (netsu): fever; heat
- 歴史 (rekishi): history
- 止む (yamu): (rain, snow) to stop
- 財布 (saifu): wallet
Grammar 1 / 4: どころか
Plain form+どころか = forget A, even B is ~ / far from A, it's actually B: A is out of the question, and reality is more extreme than A, or the exact opposite. ダイエットどころか、三杯目です = Forget a diet, this is the third bowl!
- Form: plain form+どころか: Verbs and i-adjectives use the plain form: 止むどころか, 安いどころか. Nouns and na-adjectives attach directly, with no だ: 雨どころか, 静かどころか (na-adjectives can also be 静かなどころか, but never with だ).
- Meaning 1: forget A, even B is ~: B is something more basic, the bare minimum, and it often takes も: カタカナどころか、ひらがなも 読めなかった (I couldn't even read hiragana, let alone katakana).
- Meaning 2: far from A, B instead: Reality is the exact opposite of what you expected: 休むどころか、前より 忙しく なった (I expected to rest, but I got busier than before).
- Not the same as ばかりか: ばかりか and うえに go in the same direction: "not only ~ but also ~." どころか first denies A: "A? Out of the question." To just list two good points, don't use どころか.
- ダイエットどころか、三杯目を 食べて いる。 — Forget a diet, he's eating his third bowl.
- 日本に 来た とき、カタカナどころか、ひらがなも 読めなかった。 — When I first came to Japan, I couldn't even read hiragana, let alone katakana.
- 熊太は 休むどころか、三つも アルバイトを して いる。 — Far from resting, Kumata worked three part-time jobs.
- 雨は 止むどころか、強く なって きた。 — Far from stopping, the rain just got heavier.
- この 道は 静かどころか、朝から 夜まで にぎやかだ。 — Far from being quiet, this street is lively from morning to night.
Grammar 2 / 4: どころではない
Noun / dictionary-form verb+どころでは ない (casual: どころじゃ ない) = the situation makes ~ impossible, no time for ~. 今は 勉強どころじゃ ない = I have no time to study right now!
- Form: N / V dictionary form+どころでは ない: Add どころでは ない after a noun or a dictionary-form verb. Casual speech often uses どころじゃ ない; the past is どころでは なかった.
- Meaning: no time for ~: Something more serious or urgent has come up, so there's no headspace or time for A. A is usually something you normally do: 勉強, 旅行, 寝る.
- The first half is often a reason: State the reason first with 〜て / 〜で / 〜から: もうすぐ 試験だから、旅行どころでは ない (The exam is soon, so no time for a trip).
- Not the same as どころか: どころか still needs B after it ("forget A, even B"). どころでは ない ends the sentence by itself: A can't be done right now.
- もうすぐ 試験だから、今は 旅行どころでは ない。 — The exam is soon, so there's no time for a trip now.
- 毎日 忙しくて、寝るどころじゃ ない。 — I'm so busy every day that there's no time to sleep.
- 雨が 強くて、観光どころでは なかった。 — The rain was so heavy that sightseeing was out of the question.
- 財布を なくして、買い物どころじゃ なかった。 — I lost my wallet, so shopping was out of the question.
- 木が 切られるかも しれないのだから、パーティーどころでは ない。 — The tree might be cut down, so no one is in the mood for a party.
Grammar 3 / 4: にすぎない
Noun / plain form+に すぎない = nothing more than ~, just ~: you deliberately make something sound small or unimportant. これは 一本の 木に すぎない = This is nothing more than a tree.
- Form: N / plain form+に すぎない: Nouns attach directly: 木に すぎない. Verbs use the plain form: 言ったに すぎない. The polite form is に すぎません.
- Meaning: nothing more than ~: You play something down as small or unimportant: no big deal, low level.
- Often used with numbers and roles: まだ 三百に すぎない (only 300 so far), 学生に すぎません (just a student, said humbly).
- Don't confuse it with "too much" すぎる: The すぎない in に すぎない is the negative of 過ぎる (to exceed): "does not exceed ~" → "nothing more than ~." This is different from 〜すぎる after verbs and adjectives meaning "too much" (食べすぎる). Always use に. The meaning is close to だけだ, but more formal, with a feeling of "not a big deal."
- これは 一本の 木に すぎない。 — This is nothing more than a tree.
- 署名は まだ 三百に すぎません。 — We have only 300 signatures so far.
- わたしは 学生に すぎませんが、意見を 言わせて ください。 — I'm just a student, but please let me share my opinion.
- 先生は 冗談を 言ったに すぎない。 — The teacher was just making a joke.
- 試験は 一つの 目標に すぎない。 — The exam is just one goal, nothing more.
Grammar 4 / 4: にほかならない
Noun (use 「〜から」 for reasons)+に ほかならない = none other than ~, nothing but ~: you declare with confidence, "It's this, nothing else." この 木は 約束に ほかならない = This tree is none other than a promise.
- Form: N / 〜から+に ほかならない: Nouns attach directly: 約束に ほかならない. To give a reason, use 「〜から」: 〜のは 〜からに ほかならない. The polite form is に ほかなりません.
- Meaning: none other than ~, nothing but ~: The speaker declares, "The answer is this, nothing else." It is strong and formal, often used in briefings, articles and speeches.
- Giving a reason: 〜のは 〜から に ほかならない: 手伝うのは、友だちだからに ほかならない (The reason I help is precisely that we're friends). With nouns, add だ: 友だちだから; verbs attach directly: 守りたいから.
- The opposite direction from に すぎない: に すぎない plays down: "just." に ほかならない stresses: "exactly." Use the first to belittle, the second to emphasize.
- この 木は、ふたりの 約束に ほかならない。 — This tree is none other than the promise between the two of them.
- 署名が 増えたのは、みんなの 努力に ほかならない。 — The signatures are growing precisely because of everyone's effort.
- この 味は 店長の 努力の 結果に ほかなりません。 — This flavor is nothing but the result of the owner's hard work.
- リンが がんばるのは、約束を 守りたいからに ほかならない。 — Rin is working so hard precisely because he wants to keep the promise.
- 熊太が 手伝って くれるのは、友だちだからに ほかならない。 — Kumata comes to help precisely because they're friends.