Lesson 17: コンビニは どこに ありますか
N5 · Lesson 17 · 20 min — Say what there is and where things are. Add front, back, top and bottom, and you won't get lost in Japan.
English uses "there is" for everything. Japanese asks one thing first: is it alive? By the end of this lesson, you can ask for what you need at a station or konbini. Read the four-panel comic first!
After this lesson, you can:
- Say "there is ~" with あります/います: あります for things, います for people and animals
- Use に to say where something or someone is, and ask 「〜は どこに ありますか」
- Use 上・下・中・前・後ろ・となり to say positions
- Tell は and が apart: ask 「だれが」「なにが」 and say 「日本語が わかります」
Onigiri on the run?
Hungry the moment they get off the train. At the konbini in front of the station, Kumata is working part-time again! (駅 = station; たな = shelf; 中 = inside; 上 = on top; 前 = in front)
Use あります for things, います for people and animals. Neko-sensei sitting on the shelf is alive, so it's 「います」!
Words for Finding Things
- あります (arimasu): there is; be at (things)
- います (imasu): there is; be at (people, animals)
- わかります (wakarimasu): understand
- 上 (ue): on top, above
- 下 (shita): under, below
- 中 (naka): inside
- 前 (mae): in front
- 後ろ (ushiro): behind
- となり (tonari): next to, next door
- コンビニ (konbini): convenience store
- 駅 (eki): station
- トイレ (toire): toilet, restroom
- たな (tana): shelf
- つくえ (tsukue): desk
- かばん (kaban): bag
- おにぎり (onigiri): rice ball (onigiri)
- ねこ (neko): cat
- いぬ (inu): dog
- おかね (okane): money
- 日本語 (nihongo): Japanese (language)
Grammar 1 / 4: あります・います
"There is" = あります for things, います for people and animals
- Things use あります: Shops, toilets, money, desks, onigiri… anything that can't move on its own uses あります. Plants count as things.
- People and animals use います: People, teachers, cats, dogs… living things that move on their own use います.
- Negative and past follow the ます form: あります → ありません (there isn't)・ありました (there was)・ありませんでした. います → いません・いました・いませんでした.
- It can also mean "have": おかねが あります = I have money; おかねが ありません = I have no money. When it's about yourself, you don't need わたしは every time.
- トイレが あります。 — There's a restroom.
- いぬが います。 — There's a dog.
- おかねが ありません。 — There's no money.
- おかねが ありますか。──はい、あります。 — Do you have money? — Yes.
- ねこが いません。 — There's no cat.
Grammar 2 / 4: 〜に (place)
Add に after a place to say where something or someone is
- に pins down the place: To say where something or someone is, add に after the place: コンビニに います (is at the konbini). The verb あります/います always goes last.
- Two word orders: "Placeに Nが あります" = there is N there (N is new). "Nは Placeに あります" = N is there (you're already talking about N).
- How to ask: Where is something: トイレは どこに ありますか. What's there: そこに なにが ありますか. Who's there: そこに だれが いますか.
- Short answers work too: To answer with a place, use the です you know: 「駅の 前です。」 (It's in front of the station.)
- 駅の 前に コンビニが あります。 — There's a konbini in front of the station.
- トイレは どこに ありますか。 — Where's the restroom?
- せんせいは コンビニに います。 — The teacher is at the konbini.
- ここに おにぎりが あります。 — There are onigiri here.
- いぬは あそこに います。 — The dog is over there.
Grammar 3 / 4: Position words
"N の + position word" says top, under, inside, front, behind, next to
- The formula: Base + の + position word + に: かばんの 中に (inside the bag), 駅の 後ろに (behind the station).
- Six position words: 上 = on top, 下 = under, 中 = inside, 前 = in front, 後ろ = behind, となり = next to.
- となり = right next door: Right beside it, with nothing in between. Used for buildings and people, usually two things of the same kind side by side: コンビニの となり (next to the konbini), リンさんの となり (next to Rin).
- に after the position word: To say "there is/is at", add に after the position word: たなの 下に ねこが います. You can ask too: ねこは どこに いますか。──つくえの 上です。
- かばんの 中に おかねが あります。 — There's money in the bag.
- たなの 下に ねこが います。 — There's a cat under the shelf.
- 駅の 後ろに コンビニが あります。 — There's a konbini behind the station.
- トイレは コンビニの となりに あります。 — The restroom is next to the konbini.
- せんせいは リンさんの 後ろに います。 — The teacher is behind Rin.
Grammar 4 / 4: が
が puts the focus on the noun before it: new info, question words, and "what you understand"
- が: the focus is the noun before it: The noun before が is the star, and it's the new info the listener wants: 駅の 前に コンビニが あります.
- A question word as the star always takes が: だれが いますか (who's there?), なにが ありますか (what's there?), だれが 食べましたか (who ate it?). The answer uses が too: せんせいが 食べました.
- "Understand what" uses が: 日本語が わかります (I understand Japanese). Use が, not を, for what you understand.
- How は and が split the work: は = "as for ~". The topic is known, and the focus is after it (where? what is it?). が = the focus is this noun (who? what's there?).
- だれが いますか。──せんせいが います。 — Who's there? — The teacher.
- なにが ありますか。──おにぎりが あります。 — What's there? — Onigiri.
- 日本語が わかりますか。──はい、わかります。 — Do you understand Japanese? — Yes.
- 日本語が わかりません。 — I don't understand Japanese.
- だれが 食べましたか。 — Who ate it?