Lesson 88: しか〜ない・ばかり・だけでなく・ほど

N4 · Lesson 88 · 18 min — "Only ~", "always ~", "not only ~ but also ~" and "not as ~ as ~"

Last lesson you learned "during ~" and "by ~ (deadline)". This lesson has four ways to limit and compare: しか〜ない, ばかり, だけでなく and ほど. Comic first!

After this lesson, you can:

This is the tree!

Last lesson, Rin compared the photo under the tree while Mr. Kuma quietly stepped out of his shop. Today we reach a conclusion! (写真しゃしん = photo)

しか〜ない = only; ばかり = all, always; だけでなく〜も = not only; ほど〜ない = not as ~ as. Next lesson: lining up the photo angle, step by step!

Words for this lesson: matching the tree, and daily life

Grammar 1 / 4: Only ~ (too few)

Noun + しか + negative = only ~ (it feels like too little). しか is always followed by a negative.

Grammar 2 / 4: All ~, always ~

Noun + ばかり = nothing but ~, all ~; て-form + ばかり いる = always doing ~ (often a complaint)

Grammar 3 / 4: Not only ~ but also

AだけでなくBも = not only A, but B too (you add things one by one, good or bad)

Grammar 4 / 4: Not as ~ as ~

AはBほど〜ない = A is not as ~ as B (the sentence must end in a negative)