Lesson 173: 極まりない・の 至り・と いったら ない・かぎりだ
N1 · Lesson 173 · 18 min — Four ways to say 'to the extreme'. On the day of the public hearing, Rin steps up to the podium!
Last lesson, Rin read model formal speeches and wrote his speech for the public hearing. This lesson has four N1 ways to say 'extreme degree': の 至り (the height of ~), 極まりない (extremely ~), と いったら ない (so ~ it's unreal), and かぎりだ (~ beyond words). Let's start with the comic!
After this lesson, you can:
- Use の 至り for formal polite words: 光栄の 至りです (I am deeply honored). Also N+の 極み.
- Use 極まりない for a strong written judgment: 危険極まりない (extremely dangerous)
- Use と いったら ない for 'so ~ you can't believe it': 緊張と いったら なかった
- Use かぎりだ for your own feeling at its peak: 心強い かぎりです
The hearing begins!
The speech is ready. In late February the public hearing begins, and Rin stands at the podium for the first time. (このような = like this, 光栄 = honor, 危険 = danger, 案 = plan, 心強い = reassuring)
Neko-sensei says 'so reassuring', but he faces the bento... All four patterns say 'to the extreme': formal, negative, feeling, and your own mood. Next lesson, Kumata starts complaining about the teacher!
Words for this lesson
- 〜の 至り (no itari): the height of ~, utterly ~ (formal polite words)
- 〜の 極み (no kiwami): the extreme of ~, ~ at its peak (a deep feeling)
- 〜極まりない (kiwamarinai): extremely ~ (mostly negative, written style)
- 〜と いったら ない (to ittara nai): so ~ you can't believe it, extremely ~
- 〜かぎりだ (kagiri da): extremely ~, ~ beyond words (the speaker's own feeling)
- 光栄 (kōei): honor, privilege
- 恐縮 (kyōshuku): feeling humbled or sorry to trouble someone (polite)
- 感激 (kangeki): deep gratitude, being deeply moved
- 贅沢 (zeitaku): luxury, indulgence
- 危険 (kiken): danger
- 失礼 (shitsurei): rude, impolite
- 不便 (fuben): inconvenient
- 態度 (taido): attitude
- 緊張 (kinchō): nervousness
- 公聴会 (kōchōkai): public hearing
- 心強い (kokorozuyoi): reassuring, feeling backed up
- うらやましい (urayamashii): envious
- 場 (ba): occasion, setting
- 救急車 (kyūkyūsha): ambulance
- 案 (an): plan, proposal
- 広げる (hirogeru): to widen, to expand
- 並ぶ (narabu): to line up, to be side by side
- お弁当 (obentō): bento (boxed meal)
Grammar 1 / 4: の 至り・の 極み
N+の 至り = the height of ~. It takes 'honor, humility, gratitude' to the top in formal polite words. 光栄の 至りです = I am deeply honored.
- Form: N+の 至り / N+の 極み: Noun+の+至り (です), noun+の+極み (だ). The link is always の.
- の 至り: formal polite words: The nouns are almost fixed: 光栄 (honor), 恐縮 (feeling humbled), 感激 (deep gratitude). Use it in speeches and business letters. Don't confuse it with the set phrase 若気の 至り (a mistake made from youthful rashness). That one means something different.
- の 極み: deep feeling: It means 'the extreme of ~'. It can be good (贅沢の 極み・感激の 極み) or hard and regretful.
- Not for chatting with friends: Both are very formal and bookish. With friends, just say すごく うれしい.
- このような 場で お話しできるのは、光栄の 至りです。 — It is a great honor to speak on an occasion like this.
- 皆様に 集まって いただき、感激の 至りです。 — Thank you from the bottom of my heart for coming.
- お待たせして、恐縮の 至りです。 — I am truly sorry to have kept you waiting.
- 温泉に 入りながら 雪を 見る。贅沢の 極みだ。 — Watching the snow from a hot spring is the height of luxury.
- 大好きな 作家に 会えて、感激の 極みだった。 — Meeting my favorite author, I was moved beyond words.
Grammar 2 / 4: 極まりない
なA stem+極まりない = extremely ~: a strong, written judgment, mostly about bad things. 危険極まりない = extremely dangerous.
- Form: なA stem+極まりない: なA stem (kanji words like 危険・失礼・不便)+極まりない. You can also say 極まる with the same meaning: 危険極まる. Before a noun: 不便極まりない 場所.
- ない is not a negative!: 極まりない = 'there is no end' = extremely ~. 危険極まりない means 'very dangerous', not 'not dangerous'.
- Mostly negative, very written: Common words: 危険・失礼・不便. It appears in petitions, news, and formal speeches.
- No direct attachment to い-adjectives: い-adjectives like 寒い・痛い can't attach directly to 極まりない. In speech, to say 'unbearably cold', use 寒くて たまらない.
- 今の 道は 危険極まりない。 — The road now is extremely dangerous.
- 約束の 時間に 来ないのは、失礼極まりない。 — Not coming at the agreed time is extremely rude.
- 駅から 遠くて、不便極まりない。 — It is far from the station and extremely inconvenient.
- 雪の 夜に 山を 歩くのは、危険極まる。 — Walking a mountain road on a snowy night is extremely dangerous.
- 失礼極まりない 電話だった。 — That was an extremely rude phone call.
Grammar 3 / 4: と いったら ない
N / adjective+と いったら ない = so ~ you can't believe it: a strong feeling, good or bad. 緊張と いったら ない = I was unbelievably nervous.
- Form: N / A+と いったら ない: A noun attaches directly to と: 緊張と いったら ない. い-adjectives often become nouns (寒い→寒さ, かわいい→かわいさ). They can also attach directly: 恥ずかしいと いったら ない.
- Meaning: talk about ~, it's beyond words: と いったら = 'when it comes to ~'. ない = 'nothing compares'. The whole phrase means 'so ~ you can't believe it'. It is not a negative.
- Good or bad, an exclamation: Good: かわいさ・うれしさ・景色の 美しさ. Bad: 寒さ・緊張・恥ずかしい. All work. It is a strong, spoken exclamation. Use it when chatting about your feelings, not as a polite speech phrase.
- Past: と いったら なかった: For a feeling in the past, change ない to なかった. Don't say ないでした.
- 公聴会の 前の 緊張と いったら なかった。 — Before the hearing, I was incredibly nervous.
- 二月の 朝の 寒さと いったら ない。 — February mornings are unbelievably cold.
- 猫の かわいさと いったら ない。 — Cats are unbelievably cute.
- みんなの 前で 転んで、恥ずかしいと いったら なかった。 — I fell in front of everyone. I was so embarrassed!
- 山の 上から 見た 景色の 美しさと いったら ない。 — The view from the summit was unbelievably beautiful.
Grammar 4 / 4: かぎりだ
Aい / なAな+かぎりだ = extremely ~, ~ beyond words: the speaker's own feeling right now. 心強い かぎりだ = I feel so reassured.
- Form: Aい / なAな+かぎりだ: い-adjectives attach directly: うれしい かぎりだ. な-adjectives add な: 残念な かぎりだ. (Noun+の+かぎりだ also exists, but it is rare.)
- Meaning: a feeling at its peak: = extremely ~, ~ beyond words. It sounds more heartfelt than とても うれしい, and also more formal.
- Only your own feelings: Common words: うれしい・さびしい・心強い・うらやましい (envious)・残念な・恥ずかしい. To talk about others, use 〜そうだ: うれしそうだ.
- Different from 限り in the middle of a sentence (as long as ~ / as far as ~): The 限り you learned earlier (生きて いる 限り = as long as I live, 知って いる 限り = as far as I know) sits in the middle of a sentence. This lesson's かぎりだ follows a feeling adjective and ends the sentence as an exclamation.
- みんなが 来て くれて、心強い かぎりです。 — Everyone came. I feel very reassured.
- 雨で 祭りが 中止に なって、残念な かぎりだ。 — The festival was cancelled because of rain. How disappointing!
- 卒業して みんなと 別れるのは、さびしい かぎりだ。 — I'll be parted from everyone at graduation. How lonely!
- 京都に 住んで いる 友だちが うらやましい かぎりだ。 — I'm so envious of my friend who lives in Kyoto.
- 日本語で 手紙が 書けるように なって、うれしい かぎりです。 — I can write letters in Japanese now. I'm so happy!