Lesson 164: ことか・ことに・ようでは ないか・ことなく

N2 · Lesson 164 · 18 min — Exclaiming, opening with a feeling, rallying everyone, and never stopping: 3,000 signatures, and a meeting with the ward mayor!

Last lesson, Grandpa said 「二度にどと 後悔こうかいする まい」 (二度にどと=never again, 後悔こうかいする=to regret), and Rin decided never to give up. This lesson has four phrases that carry strong feeling: ことか (How ~!), ことに (What is ~ is...), ようではないか (Let's ~!) and ことなく (without ~ing). Let's read the comic first!

After this lesson, you can:

3,000 signatures!

Grandpa said never regret again, and Rin never stopped. At last, the signatures... (署名しょめい=signature, 超こえる=exceed, 区長くちょう=ward mayor, 面談めんだん=meeting, 申もうし込こむ=apply)

ことか=How ~!; ことに=What is ~ is...; ようではないか=Let's ~!; ことなく=without ~ing. Next lesson: finally off to Kyoto to meet はな!

Words for this lesson: feelings, rallying, and the ward mayor

Grammar 1 / 4: ことか

Question word / degree word (どんなに・どれほど・何度なんど)+noun-modifying form+ことか=How ~!: it is not a question, it is a strong exclamation. この 日ひを どれほど 待まった ことか=How I longed for this day!

Grammar 2 / 4: ことに

い-adjective / な-adjective+な / verb た-form+ことに=What is ~ is that...: say your own feeling first, then the fact. うれしい ことに、署名しょめいが 三千さんぜんを 超こえた=Happily, the signatures passed 3,000.

Grammar 3 / 4: ようではないか

V volitional form (〜う / 〜よう)+では ないか=Let's ~!: rally everyone in a speech or meeting, stronger than ましょう. みんなで 区長くちょうに 会あおうでは ないか=Let's all go see the mayor together.

Grammar 4 / 4: ことなく

V dictionary form+ことなく=without ~ing, never ~: something you might have done, you never did once, and you just kept going. More formal than 〜ないで and 〜ずに. 休やすむ ことなく 食たべ続つづける=keep eating without resting.