Lesson 119: ほど・ほど〜はない・に比べて・から見ると
N3 · Lesson 119 · 18 min — To the extent of, nothing is more than, compared with, judging from: four ways to compare and give opinions
Last lesson you learned ものだから, ことから and せっかく, and Manager Tanuki agreed to take Rin's Yanaka plan to the meeting. In this lesson you learn four ways to compare and give opinions, to help Rin win everyone over. Start with the comic!
After this lesson, you can:
- Use ほど/くらい to say "so ... that ..." (so tasty it makes you cry)
- Use ほど〜は ない to say "nothing is more ... than ..."
- Use に比べて/と比べて to say "compared with ..."
- Use から見ると・から すると・から言うと to say "from the point of view of ..."
Pitch meeting, go!
The manager nodded! Today Rin presents his Yanaka tour at the travel agency's planning meeting, and Neko-sensei came along to cheer him on. (企画=plan, 会議=meeting, 地味=plain, 物語=story)
に比べて=compared with, から見ると=judging from, ほど〜は ない=nothing is more ... than. The plan passed! Next lesson, a letter turns up in the mailbox.
Words for this lesson: comparing and meetings
- 〜ほど(泣きたいほど) (hodo): to the extent of
- 〜くらい (kurai): to the extent of (=ほど)
- 〜ほど 〜は ない (hodo … wa nai): nothing is more ... than
- 〜に 比べて (ni kurabete): compared with
- 〜から 見ると (kara miru to): from the point of view of
- 〜から すると (kara suru to): from the standpoint of
- 〜から 言うと (kara iu to): speaking in terms of
- 企画 (kikaku): plan, project
- 会議 (kaigi): meeting
- 地味 (jimi): plain, understated
- 物語 (monogatari): story
- 最高 (saikō): the best, awesome
- 涙 (namida): tears
- 混む (komu): to be crowded
- 山ほど (yama hodo): a mountain of, piles of
- びっくりする (bikkuri suru): surprised
- 値段 (nedan): price
- 経験 (keiken): experience
- ほかの 〜 (hoka no): other ...
Grammar 1 / 4: ほど (degree)
A ほど B=B to the extent of A: say a dramatic picture first (wanting to cry, unable to walk), then the state last. You can also say くらい.
- A ほど B=B to the extent of A: Use a concrete picture to show how much B is: 泣きたいほど おいしい=so tasty you want to cry; 歩けないほど 疲れた=so tired I can't walk.
- Connection: plain form / noun + ほど: Verbs, 〜たい and 〜ない all use the plain form: 泣きたいほど, 歩けないほど, 出るほど. An i-adjective attaches directly (暑いほど); a na-adjective needs な (静かなほど). A noun attaches directly: 山ほど (a mountain of).
- くらい (ぐらい) works too: 涙が 出るくらい 笑った (I laughed so hard that tears came out). Same meaning. くらい is more casual and relaxed; ほど is a bit more formal and dramatic. Both are correct.
- Different from N4 ほど〜ない: In this lesson, what comes before ほど is a dramatic picture that shows "how much": 泣きたいほど おいしい. The N4 pattern AはBほど〜ない (A isn't as ... as B) compares two things.
- 泣きたいほど おいしい。 — So tasty I could cry.
- 歩けないほど 疲れた。 — I'm so tired I can't walk.
- 涙が 出るくらい 笑った。 — I laughed so hard that tears came out.
- 朝の 駅は 動けないくらい 混んで いる。 — The station in the morning is so crowded you can't move.
- 今日は 山ほど 宿題が ある。 — I have a mountain of homework today.
Grammar 2 / 4: ほど〜はない
A ほど〜N は ない=there is no N more ... than A. The ending is negative, but the meaning is "A is number one", with feeling.
- Aほど〜Nは ない=there is no N more ... than A: It really says "A is the most ...", with feeling: 谷中ほど 物語が ある 町は ない=Yanaka has the most stories.
- Put "what kind of N" in the middle: Between ほど and は ない comes a phrase describing the noun: 楽しい こと, おいしい ラーメン, 静かな 町 (a na-adjective needs な).
- Things: ない. People: いない: For people or animals use いない: ねこ先生ほど よく 食べる 人は いない. For past experience use なかった: 今年の 夏ほど 暑い 夏は なかった.
- くらい works too: 日本語くらい おもしろい 言葉は ない (no language is more interesting than Japanese; 言葉=language). Same meaning. In conversation くらい is common; in speeches and writing ほど is more common.
- 谷中ほど 物語が ある 町は ない。 — There is no place with more stories than Yanaka.
- くまやの ラーメンほど おいしい ラーメンは ない。 — There is no ramen tastier than くまや's.
- 旅行ほど 楽しい ことは ない。 — Nothing is more fun than traveling.
- ねこ先生ほど よく 食べる 人は いない。 — Nobody eats better than Neko-sensei.
- 今年の 夏ほど 暑い 夏は なかった。 — There has never been a summer as hot as this year's.
Grammar 3 / 4: に比べて
A に比べて (と比べて)=compared with A: A is the baseline you compare to, and the result of the comparison comes after.
- Aに比べて B は〜=compared with A, B is ...: A is the baseline: 浅草と 比べて、谷中は 静かだ=compared with Asakusa, Yanaka is quiet.
- Both に and と work: 去年に 比べて and 去年と 比べて mean almost the same. When A is the baseline, use A に/と 比べて, not A を. (When you name both things, you can say "AとBを 比べると".)
- Often compared with the past: Compare with before to show a change: 先月に 比べて、観光客が 増えた. It is often followed by 〜く なった, 〜に なった or 増えた.
- How it differs from より: AはBより〜 (from N5) is also a comparison, and both are correct. より is the most basic and common way; に比べて sounds more formal and explicit, and is common in meetings, reports and the news.
- 去年に 比べて、日本語が 上手に なった。 — Compared with last year, my Japanese has improved.
- 浅草と 比べて、谷中は 静かだ。 — Compared with Asakusa, Yanaka is quiet.
- 台湾に 比べて、日本の 冬は 寒い。 — Compared with Taiwan, winter in Japan is cold.
- 先月に 比べて、観光客が 増えた。 — Compared with last month, there are more tourists.
- 東京と 比べて、京都は 古い 建物が 多い。 — Compared with Tokyo, Kyoto has more old buildings.
Grammar 4 / 4: から見ると
A から見ると=from A's point of view. A simple rule: a person (whose eyes) → から見ると/から すると; a basis (price, experience) → から言うと. An opinion always follows.
- Aから見ると=from A's point of view: Put yourself in A's position and look: 観光客から 見ると、谷中は 地味だ=in the eyes of tourists, Yanaka is plain.
- から すると: just recognize it: Almost the same as から見ると, and a person goes before it too: 子どもから すると、この カレーは 辛すぎる=from a child's standpoint, this curry is too spicy. For now just recognize it; when you speak, から見ると is enough.
- から言うと: often follows a "basis": 値段から 言うと (in terms of price), わたしの 経験から 言うと (from my experience). What comes before is often the basis of a judgment, like price or experience. When a person comes before it, use から見ると.
- An opinion follows, not an action to do: After it comes an evaluation or judgment: 地味だ・便利だ・いい. It does not take actions to do, like 「〜よう」 or 「〜て ください」.
- 観光客から 見ると、谷中は 地味だ。 — In the eyes of tourists, Yanaka is plain.
- 外国人から 見ると、日本の コンビニは すごい。 — In the eyes of foreigners, Japanese convenience stores are amazing.
- 子どもから すると、この カレーは 辛すぎる。 — From a child's standpoint, this curry is too spicy.
- 値段から 言うと、この ホテルの ほうが いい。 — In terms of price, this hotel is better.
- わたしの 経験から 言うと、朝の 電車は とても 混んで いる。 — From my experience, the morning train is extremely crowded.