Lesson 81: 桜について 調べる
N4 · Lesson 81 · 18 min — Say "about ~", put a question inside a sentence, and give examples with "~ and ~"
Last lesson, Rin did paperwork at the ward office (he didn't notice that poster on the notice board). This lesson has three handy tools for talking about things: について (about ~), か / かどうか (put a question inside a sentence), and とか (give examples). Let's read the comic first!
After this lesson, you can:
- Say "about ~" with について: 谷中の 桜について 調べて います (I'm looking up information about the cherry trees in Yanaka)
- Put a question inside a sentence: どこに あるか わかりません (I don't know where it is), 写真の 木かどうか わかりません (I don't know if it's the tree in the photo)
- Give examples with 〜とか〜とか: 窓の 形とか、木の 形とか (things like the shape of the window, the shape of the tree)
Comparing photos at the library
The ward office paperwork is done. This time Rin goes to the library to look into the tree in the photo. (図書館 = library; 調べる = look up; 比べる = compare; 形 = shape)
Nについて = about ~. Question word + か / 〜かどうか puts a question inside a sentence. 〜とか〜とか gives examples. Next lesson: the cherry trees haven't bloomed, but Rin keeps going to the tree every day...
Words for this lesson: the library and Japanese culture
- 図書館 (toshokan): library
- 調べる (shiraberu): to look up, to investigate
- 比べる (kuraberu): to compare
- 形 (katachi): shape
- 窓 (mado): window
- 木 (ki): tree, wood
- 桜 (sakura): cherry blossoms, cherry tree
- さくらもち (sakuramochi): sakuramochi (cherry blossom rice cake)
- だんご (dango): dango (rice dumpling)
- おかし (okashi): sweets, snacks
- 文化 (bunka): culture
- お祭り (omatsuri): festival
- お正月 (oshōgatsu): New Year
- 着物 (kimono): kimono
- 歴史 (rekishi): history
- 温泉 (onsen): hot spring
- 発表する (happyō suru): presentation, to give a presentation
- 覚える (oboeru): to remember, to memorize
- 決める (kimeru): to decide
Grammar 1 / 3: About ~
Noun + について = about ~. It is followed by verbs of "talking about, learning about" such as 調べる・話す・聞く・書く・発表する.
- Noun + について: about ~: について follows a noun directly and marks the topic you talk about or learn about: 着物について (about kimono), この 町の 歴史について (about the history of this town). Do not put を or が before it: ✗着物を について.
- Which verbs come after it?: Usually verbs of talking or learning about something: 調べる (look up), 話す (talk), 聞く (ask), 書く (write), 発表する (present), 知って いる (know), 思う (think). Example: 先生に 温泉の 入り方について 聞きました (I asked the teacher about how to use a hot spring).
- 何について? = about what?: To ask about the topic, put 何 in place of the noun: 何について 話しますか (What will you talk about?). Answer: 日本の お正月について 話します.
- Don't use について for "like" or "want": The object of 好き・ほしい・上手 still takes が: 日本の 料理が 好きです (✗料理について 好きです). について is for talking, looking up or thinking about a topic. It is not for the thing you like.
- 谷中の 桜について 調べて います。 — I'm looking up information about Yanaka's cherry trees.
- 日本の お正月について 話して ください。 — Please tell me about the Japanese New Year.
- 着物の 歴史について 発表します。 — I'll give a presentation on the history of kimono.
- 先生に 温泉の 入り方について 聞きました。 — I asked my teacher about how to use a hot spring.
- 日本の 文化について、どう 思いますか。 — What do you think about Japanese culture?
- この 町の 歴史について、よく 知って いますね。 — You know a lot about the history of this town.
Grammar 2 / 3: Whether ~, what ~
Question word + plain form + か = what / where / what time ~ inside a sentence. With no question word, use plain form + かどうか = whether ~ or not.
- Question word + plain form + か: Tuck a "what / where / what time" question into a sentence: どこに あるか わかりません (I don't know where it is), 何を 買ったか 教えて ください (Please tell me what you bought). You can also write a comma 、 after か.
- No question word: 〜かどうか: When the question is "whether or not" (yes/no), use かどうか: 雨が 降るかどうか (whether it will rain), 本が あるかどうか (whether there is a book). Don't add どうか when there is a question word: ✗何を 買ったかどうか.
- Plain form before it; no だ before かどうか: Verbs and い-adjectives use the plain form: 行くか・行ったか・高いかどうか. Before 〜かどうか, drop だ after nouns and な-adjectives: 写真の 木かどうか, しずかかどうか (✗木だかどうか). Keep the past だった: 休みだったかどうか.
- Verbs that often follow; the subject often takes が: Common verbs: わかる・知って いる・調べる・聞く・教えて ください・覚えて いる・決める. The subject of the small question inside often takes が: 図書館が 何時に 開くか. (は is not wrong, but が is the safest for beginners.)
- この 木が 写真の 木かどうか、わかりません。 — I don't know whether this tree is the tree in the photo.
- 図書館が 何時に 開くか 知って いますか。 — Do you know what time the library opens?
- あした 雨が 降るかどうか、わかりません。 — I don't know whether it will rain tomorrow.
- 先生に 何を 持って 行けば いいか 聞きました。 — I asked my teacher what I should bring.
- その お祭りが いつか、覚えて いますか。 — Do you remember when that festival is?
- 着物を 着て みるかどうか、まだ 決めて いません。 — I haven't decided whether to try on a kimono.
Grammar 3 / 3: Examples
AとかBとか = things like A, B (casual). AやBなど = A, B, etc. (more formal). Both only give examples, and there are others.
- AとかBとか: things like A and B: Pick a few examples out of many and hint that there are more: 窓の 形とか、木の 形とか. A particle can follow the last とか (だんごとかが 好き), or you can leave out the last とか.
- とか and や〜など: Both give examples. とか is more casual and common in chats with friends. や〜など is more formal, used in presentations, explanations and writing: 温泉や お祭りなどが 有名です. You can also say 〜とか〜など.
- とか can give actions as examples: A plain-form verb can come before とか (the dictionary form is common now): 本を 読むとか、人に 聞くとか して みよう (Let's try things like reading books or asking people). や only follows nouns, never verbs.
- Different from と: と gives a complete list: すしと てんぷらが 好きです (I like sushi and tempura. That is the whole list). とか and や give examples, and there are more: すしとか てんぷらとかが 好きです (I like things like sushi and tempura).
- 窓の 形とか、木の 形とか、比べて みよう。 — Let's compare things like the shape of the window and the shape of the tree.
- さくらもちとか、だんごとか、日本の おかしが 好きです。 — I like Japanese sweets, like sakuramochi and dango.
- 日本には 温泉や お祭りなどが あります。 — Japan has hot springs, festivals and so on.
- 日本では すしとか、てんぷらとかを 食べました。 — In Japan I ate things like sushi and tempura.
- 本を 読むとか、人に 聞くとか して みよう。 — Let's try things like reading books or asking people.
- 発表では、お祭りや 着物などについて 話します。 — In my presentation, I'll talk about topics like festivals and kimono.