Lesson 93: ないと いけない・なきゃ・ちゃ だめ

N4 · Lesson 93 · 18 min — Casual "have to" and "must not": 開あけなきゃ!急いそいじゃ だめ!

You already know 行いかなければ いけません (have to go) and 入はいっては いけません (must not enter). But in everyday chat, Japanese people make these shorter and faster. This lesson teaches that "everyday version." Start with the comic!

After this lesson, you can:

Mr. Kuma Runs Away

Mr. Kuma admitted he was an apprentice here forty years ago, then he cried. The next morning, Rin came back. (開あける = to open)

"Have to" = ないと いけない, shortened in casual speech to なきゃ・なくちゃ. "Must not" = ちゃ だめ. Next lesson: the old sign on the wall hides the master's secret.

Words in this lesson

Grammar 1 / 3: 〜ないと いけない

ない-form + と いけない (or なくて + は いけない / ならない) = have to ~, same meaning as なければ いけない

Grammar 2 / 3: 〜なきゃ・〜なくちゃ

なければ → なきゃ, なくては → なくちゃ: casual "have to ~"; the いけない at the end is often dropped

Grammar 3 / 3: 〜ちゃ だめ

ては → ちゃ, では → じゃ: 〜ちゃ だめ / 〜ちゃ いけない = (casual) must not ~