Lesson 116: 返事を 待つ 日
N3 · Lesson 116 · 20 min — Follow Rin through a day of waiting for a reply in Tokyo, and review the time and change patterns from Lessons 111–115
No new grammar in this lesson! Rin, Neko-sensei and Mr. Kuma spend a day in Tokyo, with はな in Kyoto. We link together the "time and change" patterns from Lessons 111–115 and practice them.
After this lesson, you can:
- Use うちに・最中に・際に to say "while / before", "in the middle of ~ing" and "upon ~ing"
- Use たびに・とたん・て以来・ぶり to say "every time", "the moment", "ever since" and "for the first time in ~"
- Use ところに・ところだった・かける・ついでに to say "just as", "almost", "half-done" and "while at it"
- Use から〜に かけて・おきに・ごとに・てからでないと to say a range, an interval, and "can't until you've ~"
- Use に つれて・に したがって・と ともに・ば〜ほど to say "as ~" and "the more ~, the more ~"
Is the letter here?
Rin handed his first Japanese letter to a Kyoto sweet shop and went back to Tokyo to wait. (返事 = reply)
て以来・ば〜ほど・うちに・最中… all show time and change. The letter came, but Neko-sensei didn't hear. Next: a typhoon!
A night at くまや
Find where the patterns from Lessons 111–115 are used! Tap each line to hear the Japanese.
Words in this lesson
- 手紙 (tegami): letter
- 返事 (henji): reply, answer
- ポスト (posuto): mailbox, postbox
- 寮 (ryō): dormitory
- 郵便屋さん (yūbin'ya-san): mail carrier
- 広告 (kōkoku): ad, flyer
- 転ぶ (korobu): to fall down
- どきどきする (dokidoki suru): (heart) pounding from nerves or excitement
- 感じる (kanjiru): to feel
- 涙 (namida): tears
- おばあちゃん (obāchan): grandma (friendly word for an older woman)
- もしもし (moshimoshi): hello (on the phone)
- 鳴る (naru): (phone, bell) to ring
- 電話を 切る (denwa o kiru): to hang up
- のびる (nobiru): (noodles) to go soft and soggy
- ふーん (fūn): hm~ (a not-very-interested reply)
- さっき (sakki): a little while ago
- そう いえば (sō ieba): come to think of it, by the way
- まあ (mā): well... never mind, OK then
- 日が たつ (hi ga tatsu): days go by
- 気持ち (kimochi): feeling, mood
- 今夜 (kon'ya): tonight
- もう 一杯 (mō ippai): one more bowl (or glass)
- 明るい (akarui): bright; (sky) still light
- ご注意ください (go-chūi kudasai): caution, be careful
- 北 (kita): north
- 時代 (jidai): era, period
- 足元 (ashimoto): at your feet, underfoot
- 見学 (kengaku): visit (to look around and learn)
Grammar 1 / 5: うちに・最中に・際に
うちに means "while" or "as ~ went on"; ない うちに means "before ~ happens"; 最中に means being interrupted in the middle of something; 際に is the formal "when ~".
- うちに: while ~ / as ~ went on: Dictionary form・ている・い-adjective・な-adjective+な・Nの+うちに (dictionary form is mostly with state verbs like いる・ある, e.g. 日本に いる うちに). ① While a state still lasts: 熱い うちに, 明るい うちに. ② Something changes during that time without you noticing: 読んで いる うちに 涙が 出て きた.
- ない うちに: before ~ happens: ない-form+うちに = hurry and do something before something bad or a change happens: 雨が 降らない うちに, のびない うちに. A "hurry and do it" sentence usually follows.
- 最中に・際に: 〜て いる/Nの+最中に = right while something is going on, something else happens. Dictionary form・た-form・Nの+際(に/は) = a formal way to say "when ~", common in station announcements and signs: 電車を 降りる 際は.
- 明るい うちに、家に 帰ろう。 — Let's go home while it's still light.
- 忘れない うちに、メモして おきます。 — Write it down before you forget.
- 話して いる 最中に、電気が 消えた。 — In the middle of our talk, the lights suddenly went out.
- 電車を 降りる 際は、足元に ご注意ください。 — When you get off the train, please watch your step.
Grammar 2 / 5: たびに・とたん・て以来・ぶり
たびに is "every time ~", た とたん is "the moment ~ (suddenly)", て以来 is "ever since ~", and ぶり is "for the first time in ~".
- たびに: every time ~: Dictionary form・Nの+たびに. Every time A happens, B always happens: ポストを 開ける たびに どきどきする.
- た とたん(に): the moment ~: た-form+とたん(に). As soon as A happens, B appears right away. B is a sudden change the speaker sees, or someone else's sudden action. It cannot be something the speaker wants to do (〜よう/〜てください).
- て 以来・ぶり: て-form+以来 = from that event until now. Length of time+ぶり(に/の) = after this long, ~ again: 三年ぶりに 帰る.
- この 歌を 聞く たびに、夏を 思い出す。 — Every time I hear this song, I think of summer.
- 外に 出た とたん、雨が 降り出した。 — The moment I stepped outside, it started to rain.
- 日本に 来て 以来、毎日 日本語で 日記を 書いて いる。 — Ever since I came to Japan, I've written a diary in Japanese every day.
- 三年ぶりに 台湾へ 帰ります。 — For the first time in three years, I'm going back to Taiwan.
Grammar 3 / 5: ところに・ところだった・かける・ついでに
ところに is "just as ~ (someone arrives)", ところだった is "almost ~ (but it didn't happen)", かける is "half-done", and ついでに is "while at it".
- ところに・ところへ: 〜ようと した/〜て いる/た-form+ところに(ところへ) = right at that moment, someone came or something happened. ところを+見られる means "get caught in the act".
- もう 少しで〜ところだった: Dictionary form+ところだった = almost ~, but luckily it didn't happen. Often used with もう 少しで.
- かける・ついでに: ます-stem+かける = half-done; 〜かけの+N: 食べかけの ラーメン. Dictionary form・た-form・Nの+ついでに = while doing the main thing, also do another thing.
- 出かけようと した ところに、友だちから 電話が 来た。 — Just as I was about to go out, a friend called.
- 朝 起きられなくて、もう 少しで 遅れる ところだった。 — I couldn't get up this morning and was almost late.
- 部屋に 読みかけの 本が ある。 — There is a half-read book in the room.
- 駅へ 行く ついでに、この 手紙を 出して くれる? — When you go to the station, could you mail this letter for me while you're at it?
Grammar 4 / 5: から〜にかけて・おきに・ごとに・てからでないと
から〜に かけて is a rough range, おきに is "with a gap of ~ in between" (一日おきに = every other day), ごとに is "every ~", and てからでないと is "can't ~ unless you first ~".
- から〜に かけて: A から B に かけて = the area or time period from A to B. The range is rough, not exact. For an exact start and end, use から〜まで.
- おきに・ごとに: Number+おきに = with a gap of that amount in between: 一日おきに = every other day; 20分おきに = every 20 minutes. Number・N+ごとに = once for every ~, each one: 一日ごとに = every single day.
- てからでないと: Vて+からでないと(からでなければ) = if you don't do A first, you can't do B. What follows is usually "can't", "not allowed" or "hard to".
- 九月から 十月に かけて、台風が よく 来る。 — From September to October, there are often typhoons.
- この バスは 15分おきに 来ます。 — This bus comes every fifteen minutes.
- この 薬は 四時間ごとに 飲んで ください。 — Please take this medicine every four hours.
- 予約してからでないと、この お寺は 見学できません。 — Unless you book first, you can't visit this temple.
Grammar 5 / 5: につれて・にしたがって・とともに・ば〜ほど
に つれて・に したがって mean "as ~" (slow change), と ともに is a written "as ~ / together with", and ば〜ほど is "the more ~, the more ~".
- に つれて・に したがって: Dictionary form・N+に つれて = as A changes slowly, B changes too. に したがって means almost the same, and also has the meaning "following (a rule or instruction)".
- と ともに: N+と ともに: ① together with ~ ② as ~ ③ at the same time as ~. It is rather formal, common in news and speeches.
- ば〜ほど: Vば+V dictionary form+ほど; い-adjective: 〜ければ〜いほど; な-adjective: 〜なら〜なほど = the more ~, the more ~.
- 秋に なる に つれて、涼しく なって きた。 — As autumn arrives, the weather is getting cooler.
- 地図に したがって 歩いて ください。 — Please follow the map.
- 友だちと ともに、日本で 働きたい。 — I want to work in Japan together with my friends.
- 日本語は 勉強すれば するほど おもしろい。 — The more you study Japanese, the more fun it gets.