Lesson 55: 元気に してる?
N4 · Lesson 55 · 18 min — Lessons 50–54 review: んです・かな・じゃない?, と思う・と言う, potential form, てみる・ておく・ちゃう・てる・とく
No new grammar in this lesson! Lessons 50–54 become one video call. Rin talks to Grandpa in plain form, then switches back to です・ます for Neko-sensei. In the questions, リン is Rin, おじいちゃん is Rin's grandpa, 先生 is Neko-sensei, and くまた is his classmate Kumata.
After this lesson, you can:
- Use んです to explain or ask for a reason, かな to wonder to yourself, and じゃない? to remind someone
- Use と思う for your own thoughts, と言う to report what someone said, and AというB for "a B called A"
- Make verbs into the potential form (読める・食べられる・できる・来られる), and tell 見える・聞こえる apart from 見られる・聞ける
- Use てみる・ておく・てしまう, and understand and say the casual ちゃう・てる・とく
Grandpa's Video Call
Last lesson, the lost photo came back. One autumn night, Grandpa calls from Taiwan, and Rin reports on his shop search in plain form from his dorm. (でんぱ = signal)
With family and friends, use plain form: してる・と思う・かな・ちゃう. Grandpa slipped up. Next lesson, a mystery package arrives from him!
The Call Was Cut Off
Rin uses です・ます with Neko-sensei and plain form when talking to himself. Tap each line to hear the Japanese. (Here よく = clearly, well: よく 見える = I can see very clearly.)
Review Word Cards
- もうすぐ (mōsugu): soon, very shortly (new)
- 電波 (denpa): signal, radio waves (new)
- 画面 (gamen): screen, display (new)
- 切る (kiru): to hang up (a phone); to cut (new)
- メッセージ (messēji): message (new)
- やきいも (yakiimo): roasted sweet potato (new)
- 見つかる (mitsukaru): to be found, to turn up
- おじいちゃん (ojiichan): grandpa, grandfather
- 元気 (genki): healthy, doing well
- 悪い (warui): bad, poor
- 声 (koe): voice, sound (of a person or animal)
- 電話 (denwa): telephone, phone call
- 読める (yomeru): can read
- 見える (mieru): can be seen, is visible
- 聞こえる (kikoeru): can be heard, is audible
- よく (yoku): clearly, well (new use); often
Grammar 1 / 4: Casual Endings
Plain form + んです explains or asks for a reason. かな at the end is a self-addressed "I wonder...". じゃない? reminds someone: "Isn't it...?"
- んです: explain or ask for a reason: Plain form + んです: すいたんです, 切ったんですか. For na-adjectives and nouns, add な: 元気なんです, 学生なんです.
- かな: asking yourself: Plain form + かな means "I wonder..." and is said to yourself. Na-adjectives and nouns attach directly: 元気かな (not 元気だかな).
- じゃない?: remind, confirm: "Isn't it...?" Your voice goes up to point something out. To friends, say じゃない?. To teachers and elders, say じゃないですか.
- どうして 日本語を 勉強して いるんですか。 — Why are you studying Japanese?
- おなかが すいたんです。 — (It's because) I'm hungry, you see.
- あしたは さむいかな。 — I wonder if it will be cold tomorrow.
- これ、リンの 手紙じゃない? — Isn't this Rin's letter?
Grammar 2 / 4: Thoughts & Quotes
Plain form + と思う = I think...; "exact words" + と言う = said...; AというB = a B called A
- と思う: your own thought: Plain form + と思う. Verbs and i-adjectives attach directly: 見つかると 思う, おいしいと 思う. Nouns and na-adjectives need だ: 名前だと 思う, しずかだと 思う. Negative: 名前じゃないと 思う.
- と言う: reporting what someone said: Put the exact words in 「」, then add と 言う: 「あした 行く」と 言いました.
- AというB: a B called A: Use it to introduce a name the listener may not know: はなと いう 人 (a person called はな), 「はなや」と いう 店.
- この ラーメンは おいしいと 思います。 — I think this ramen is delicious.
- あの 人は 日本人じゃないと 思う。 — I think that person isn't Japanese.
- くまたは「あした 行く」と 言いました。 — Kumata said, "I'll go tomorrow."
- 「はなや」と いう 店を 知って いますか。 — Do you know a shop called 「はなや」?
Grammar 3 / 4: Potential Form
Potential form = can..., be able to...: Group 1 u-sound→e-sound + る, Group 2 る→られる, する→できる, くる→こられる. 見える・聞こえる mean "can be seen, can be heard on their own"
- Group 1: u-sound → e-sound + る: 読む→読める, 話す→話せる, 書く→書ける, 行く→行ける. After the change, it acts as a Group 2 verb: 読めない・読めた.
- Group 2 and 3: られる, できる, こられる: Group 2: swap る for られる: 食べられる, 見られる. する→できる and くる→こられる must be memorized whole.
- 見える・聞こえる: coming in on their own: No special effort needed. Things are right in front of you, or sounds simply reach you: 木が 見える, 声が 聞こえる. 見られる・聞ける mean you have the chance or ability to look or listen. They often go with よく: よく 見える = can see clearly, よく 聞こえる = can hear clearly. (Here よく is the adverb form of いい, "clearly, well". It does not mean "often".)
- わたしは 漢字が 読めます。 — I can read kanji.
- くまたは 日本語が よく 話せる。 — Kumata can speak Japanese.
- ここから 大きい 木が 見える。 — You can see a big tree from here.
- あしたは 学校に 来られますか。 — Can you come to school tomorrow?
Grammar 4 / 4: Helper Verbs
Te-form + みる = try doing; te-form + おく = do ahead of time; te-form + しまう = finish, or do by accident. Casual contractions: てる・とく・ちゃう
- てみる: try it: te-form + みる: 食べてみる (try eating it), さがしてみましょう (let's try looking).
- ておく: do it ahead of time: te-form + おく means doing something now to prepare for later: 書いておく, 買っておく. Casual: 書いとく, 買っとく. If the te-form ends in で, it becomes どく: 読んで おく→読んどく.
- てしまう: finished, or by accident: te-form + しまう means finishing something completely, or "oops, I did it by accident". Casual: 〜て しまう→〜ちゃう, 〜で しまう→〜じゃう: 行っちゃった, 飲んじゃった.
- この ラーメン、食べてみる? — This ramen: want to try it?
- 地図を かいておく。 — I'll draw the map first.
- あ、電車が 行っちゃった! — Oh no, the train left!
- いま、手紙を 読んでる。 — I'm reading the letter right now.