Lesson 45: 谷中に 行った

N5 · Lesson 45 · 18 min — Review of Lessons 40–44: ない form, た form and plain form, all used in one week of diary entries

No new grammar in this lesson! We string Lessons 40–44 into Rin's 'week of diary': Monday he looks for a shop in Yanaka, Tuesday he finds nothing, Wednesday Kumata helps, Thursday ... Neko-sensei gets into trouble again. In the questions, くまた is Rin's classmate Kumata, リン is Rin, and 先生せんせい is Neko-sensei.

After this lesson, you can:

Rin's Casual Diary: 4 Days

Rin and Kumata have started chatting in casual style. This week Rin decides to write his diary that way too! (にっき = diary; Rin's speech bubbles = his diary entries)

Diaries and friends use plain form: いった・なかった・やさしい. Next lesson Rin catches a cold, and we learn 'because ...' and 'probably ...'!

Caught Reading the Diary

Kumata and Rin chat in casual style, but switch back to です・ます for Neko-sensei. Tap each line to hear the Japanese.

Review Vocab Cards

Grammar 1 / 4: Verb plain forms

A verb's plain form (= casual style) has just four slots: る (present), ない (negative), た (past) and なかった (past negative). Use it in diaries and with friends.

Grammar 2 / 4: Adjectives & nouns

Drop です from an い-adjective to get plain form. For な-adjectives and nouns, change です to だ. Negative and past each have their own pattern.

Grammar 3 / 4: ない patterns

First make the ない form, then change the ending: 〜ないで ください (please don't), 〜なければ なりません (must), 〜なくても いいです (don't have to).

Grammar 4 / 4: た patterns

た form + ことが ある (have done ...), 〜たり〜たり する (do things like A and B), 〜た ほうが いい (had better ...). For 'had better not', use the ない form.