Lesson 105: のではないか・きがする・そうにない・にちがいない
N3 · Lesson 105 · 18 min — Isn't it...?, I have a feeling..., doesn't look like..., must be...: four ways to say your guess
Warm-up: you already know かもしれない (maybe), でしょう/だろう (probably) and はずだ (should be, by logic). This lesson adds four more ways to guess, from a faint feeling to "it must be." Read the comic first!
After this lesson, you can:
- Use のでは ないか/んじゃ ない? to softly say "I guess it's..."
- Use 気が する to say a hunch with no proof: "I have a feeling..."
- Use ます-stem+そうに ない to say "it doesn't look like..." or "can't..."
- Use に ちがいない to say "it must be..." when you are very sure
Rainy-Day Detective
The Kyoto sweets shop has a regular from Yanaka. Is it はな? Rin can't help wondering. (常連 = regular customer)
のでは ないか = I guess it's..., 気が する = I just feel..., そうに ない = doesn't look like..., に ちがいない = must be. Next lesson: Rin visits Kumata's home.
Words for this lesson: guessing and rainy season
- 〜のでは ないか (no dewa nai ka): Isn't it...? (I guess it's...)
- 〜んじゃ ない? (n ja nai): ...right? (casual "I guess it's...")
- 〜気が する (ki ga suru): I have a feeling...; it seems like...
- 〜そうに ない (sō ni nai): doesn't look like...; can't...
- 〜に ちがいない (ni chigai nai): must be... (very sure)
- 常連 (jōren): regular customer
- 梅雨 (tsuyu): rainy season (the rains around June)
- やむ (yamu): (rain, snow) to stop
- 見つかる (mitsukaru): to be found; to turn up
- 思い出す (omoidasu): to remember, to recall
- 間に合う (ma ni au): to be in time, to make it
- 財布 (saifu): wallet
- 犯人 (hannin): culprit, criminal
- うまい (umai): delicious (casual, masculine; also "skilled")
- 強い (tsuyoi): strong, intense (rain, wind)
Grammar 1 / 4: のではないか
Plain form+のでは ないか = isn't it...?: it ends in "ない," but it softly says "I guess it's..."
- のでは ないか = isn't it...? (I guess it is): When you think "it's..." but don't want to sound too sure, add のでは ないか at the end. It is also common when talking to yourself and in writing.
- Form: plain form+のでは ないか: Verbs and い-adjectives attach directly: 降るのでは ないか, 近いのでは ないか. Nouns and な-adjectives need な: 常連なのでは ないか, しずかなのでは ないか.
- Change the form for the listener: Friends: 〜んじゃ ない? (〜んじゃ ないかな). Polite: 〜のでは ないでしょうか. Writing or thinking to yourself: 〜のでは ないだろうか.
- With な and ん, it is a guess: 常連じゃ ない。 (falling tone) = She is not a regular. 常連なんじゃ ない? (rising tone) = (I guess) she's a regular, right? The extra なん makes it clear you are guessing. Careful: in speech, a rising tone on 常連じゃ ない? can also be a guess, so always listen to the tone.
- はなさんは あの 店の 常連なのでは ないか。 — Could はな be a regular at that shop?
- 明日も 雨が 降るんじゃ ない? — It will probably rain tomorrow too, won't it?
- くまやは 今日 休みなんじゃ ない? — くまや is probably closed today, isn't it?
- この 道の ほうが 近いのでは ないでしょうか。 — Wouldn't this road be shorter?
- 京都の 人に 聞けば、わかるのでは ないだろうか。 — If we ask someone in Kyoto, they might know.
Grammar 2 / 4: きがする
Verb / adjective (noun-modifying form)+気が する = I have a feeling...: no proof, just a faint feeling inside
- 〜気が する = I have a feeling...: 気 here means "feeling." Put what you feel first, then end with 気が する. The polite form is 気が します.
- Form: noun-modifying form+気が する: 気 is a noun, so use the form that modifies a noun. For the past, use the た-form: 聞いた 気が する. For a hunch about the future, use the dictionary form: ある 気が する. A な-adjective takes な: しずかな 気が する (not しずかだ). Don't attach a bare noun; make it a clause: 雨が 降る 気が する (or 〜の ような 気が する).
- ような makes the feeling vaguer: 〜ような 気が する means "it feels somehow like..." and is less sure than 気が する. ような is the "like, as if" you already learned.
- Difference from と 思う: と 思う is an "opinion" after you have thought about it. 気が する is a "gut feeling" you can't explain. 明日は 雨だと 思う (I think it'll rain tomorrow, I checked the forecast) / 明日は 雨が 降る 気が する (I just have a feeling it'll rain).
- その 店、どこかで 聞いた 気が します。 — That shop... I feel like I've heard of it somewhere.
- 今日は いい ことが ある 気が する! — I have a feeling something good will happen today!
- 財布を 家に 忘れた ような 気が する。 — I think I left my wallet at home.
- この 町には、前にも 来た ことが ある 気が します。 — I feel like I've been to this town before.
- 今年の 梅雨は 長い 気が しますね。 — This year's rainy season feels so long.
Grammar 3 / 4: そうにない
ます-stem+そうに ない = doesn't look like...; can't...: you judge by what you see that it's unlikely
- 〜そうに ない = doesn't look like it will...: You look at what you see now (heavy rain, a huge crowd, a stopped train) and judge "unlikely." Use そうに ない.
- Form: ます-stem+そうに ない: やみます → やみそうに ない, 見つかります → 見つかりそうに ない. Polite: 〜そうに ありません/〜そうに ないです.
- そうも ない = even less hope: Change に to も for a stronger feeling: 見つかりそうも ない (no way we'll find her). It often goes with なかなか.
- With the potential form = can't...; don't mix it up with hearsay: 帰れそうに ない = it looks like I can't get home. Careful: やまないそうだ is hearsay, "I hear it won't stop." The meaning is completely different.
- 雨は 今日も やみそうに ないね。 — The rain doesn't look like it will stop today either.
- 京都は 広いし、はなさんは 見つかりそうに ない。 — Kyoto is so big. It doesn't look like we'll find はな.
- 電車が 止まって いる。授業に 間に合いそうに ない! — The train stopped. I won't make it to class!
- ラーメン 三つは 食べられそうに ありません。 — Three bowls of ramen? I don't think I can finish them.
- はなさんは なかなか 見つかりそうも ない。 — No matter how I look at it, it seems hard to find はな.
Grammar 4 / 4: にちがいない
Plain form+に ちがいない = must be...: a guess the speaker is very sure of
- 〜に ちがいない = must be...: ちがいない originally means "there is no mistake." Use it when you are very sure: 犯人は ねこ先生に ちがいない.
- Form: plain form+に ちがいない: Verbs and い-adjectives attach directly: 忘れたに ちがいない, おいしいに ちがいない. Nouns and な-adjectives take no だ: 犯人に ちがいない, しずかに ちがいない. For the past, use だった: 犯人だったに ちがいない.
- Difference from はずだ: はずだ means "it should be, by logic or plan" (you can work it out from facts). に ちがいない means "I'm completely sure inside," with a strong feeling. It often goes with きっと: きっと 〜に ちがいない.
- Ranking how sure you are: かもしれない (maybe) → 〜のでは ないか (I guess) → だろう (probably) → 〜に ちがいない (must be). The further right, the more sure you are.
- この 豆大福は おいしいに ちがいない。 — This daifuku must be delicious.
- ケーキが ない! 犯人は ねこ先生に ちがいない。 — The cake is gone! The culprit must be Neko-sensei.
- はなさんは 昔、谷中に 住んで いたに ちがいない。 — はな must have lived in Yanaka before.
- 店の 前に 人が たくさん 並んで いる。有名な 店に ちがいない。 — There's a big line in front of the shop. It must be a famous place.
- 部長は また ぼくの 名前を 忘れたに ちがいない。 — The manager must have forgotten my name again.