Lesson 95: 〜てよかった・〜てすみません・なかなか〜ない
N4 · Lesson 95 · 17 min — Say "I'm glad," say "I'm sorry," and say "it just won't happen"
Last lesson, you helped at the lunch rush and saw the master's words on the wall. This lesson has three phrases you will use every day: "Glad that…" (a sigh of relief), "Sorry that…" (an apology), and "It just won't…" (waiting and waiting). Read the comic first!
After this lesson, you can:
- Say you are glad with 〜てよかった: 日本に 来て よかった (I'm glad I came to Japan)
- Apologize for something you did with 〜てすみません(でした): 遅れて すみません (Sorry I'm late)
- Say "it just won't happen" with なかなか〜ない: バスが なかなか 来ません
The Master's Daughter
Mr. Kuma admits he was an apprentice here 40 years ago. After closing, he talks about his master. (師匠 = master; 娘さん = someone's daughter)
Use 〜てよかった to say you're glad, 〜てすみません to apologize, and なかなか〜ない for "it just won't happen." Next lesson: where did はな go? And Grandpa back then…
Words for this lesson: glad, sorry, never comes
- なかなか (nakanaka): (with negative) just won't…, not for a long time
- 間に合う (maniau): to make it in time
- 遅れる (okureru): to be late
- 待たせる (mataseru): to make (someone) wait
- 心配を かける (shinpai o kakeru): to make (someone) worry
- しつこい (shitsukoi): persistent, never-ending
- 師匠 (shishō): master, teacher of a craft
- 娘さん (musume-san): (someone else's) daughter
- 覚える (oboeru): to remember, to memorize
- 読み方 (yomikata): how to read it, reading
- 返事 (henji): reply, answer
Grammar 1 / 3: 〜てよかった
Te-form + よかった = I'm glad I did it: 来て よかった (glad I came)
- How to: te-form + よかった: Change the whole verb to te-form, then add よかった: 来る→来て よかった, 間に合う→間に合って よかった (Group 1 verbs use the normal te-form sound changes. Don't use the ます-form, like 来ます よかった). The potential form works too: 話せる→話せて よかった. To someone older, add です: よかったです。
- For a result that is settled and good: よかった is the past of いい (よい). When いい changes form it becomes よ-: よかった, never いかった. 〜て よかった = the result is settled and it's good, so you feel relieved and glad.
- You can be glad something bad didn't happen: For the ない-form, change い to くて (just like an い-adjective): 降らない→降らなくて よかった (glad it didn't rain), 遅れない→遅れなくて よかった (glad I wasn't late).
- Don't mix it up with ばよかった: You did it and it turned out well → 〜て よかった (glad). You didn't do it and now you regret it → 〜ば よかった (I wish I had). 傘を 持って きて よかった (glad I brought an umbrella) / 傘を 持って くれば よかった (I wish I had brought one).
- 日本に 来て よかったです。 — I'm so glad I came to Japan.
- 電車に 間に合って よかった! — Glad I made the train in time!
- 傘を 持って きて よかった。 — Glad I brought an umbrella.
- 店長に 話を 聞けて よかったです。 — I'm so glad I could hear Mr. Kuma's story.
- 雨が 降らなくて よかったね。 — Glad it didn't rain, right?
Grammar 2 / 3: 〜てすみません
Te-form + すみません = I'm sorry I did it: 遅れて すみません (sorry I'm late)
- How to: te-form + すみません: Put what went wrong in te-form, then add すみません: 遅れる→遅れて すみません, 待たせる→待たせて すみません. For something you couldn't do, use なくて: 行けなくて すみません.
- すみません or すみませんでした?: Apologizing right now (you just arrived, the person is still waiting) → すみません. The thing is over and you apologize looking back (yesterday, or all the trouble so far) → すみませんでした. It sounds more polite.
- Don't use から: "遅れた から、すみません" sounds like "I'm sorry because I was late," like an excuse. To apologize, put the te-form straight before すみません.
- Saying thanks works the same way: When someone does something for you, use 〜て くれて ありがとうございます: 待って くれて ありがとうございます (thank you for waiting for me). You did something wrong → すみません. You got help → ありがとうございます.
- 遅れて すみません。 — Sorry I'm late.
- 待たせて すみませんでした。 — Sorry to keep you waiting.
- 心配を かけて すみません。 — Sorry to make you worry.
- 昨日は 行けなくて すみませんでした。 — Sorry I couldn't go yesterday.
- 夜 おそく 電話して すみません。 — Sorry for calling so late at night.
Grammar 3 / 3: なかなか〜ない
なかなか + negative = just won't…, not for a long time: ラーメンが なかなか 来ない (the ramen just won't come)
- なかなか + negative: Put なかなか before the verb, and make the verb negative (ない・ません): なかなか 来ない, なかなか 来ません, なかなか わからない.
- Different from ぜんぜん: ぜんぜん〜ない = not at all, never. なかなか〜ない = you keep waiting or trying, but it hasn't worked yet (maybe later). You don't eat meat → ぜんぜん 食べません. The bus won't come however long you wait → なかなか 来ません.
- Often used with the potential form: "I really want to, but I can't": なかなか 寝られない (I just can't fall asleep), なかなか 覚えられない (I just can't remember it).
- Bonus: with a positive it means something else: なかなか + positive = quite…, pretty…, used as praise: なかなか おいしい (pretty tasty). It has a judging tone, like "better than I expected." Saying it to someone older, or about food they made themselves, can be rude. To praise a shop, "とても おいしいです" is safer.
- バスが なかなか 来ません。 — The bus just won't come.
- 返事が なかなか 来ない。 — The reply just won't come.
- 夜、なかなか 寝られませんでした。 — At night, I just couldn't fall asleep.
- 漢字の 読み方が なかなか 覚えられない。 — I just can't remember how to read kanji.
- 電車が なかなか 来なくて、遅れました。 — The train just wouldn't come, so I was late.