Lesson 111: うちに・最中に・際に
N3 · Lesson 111 · 18 min — While~, in the middle of~, upon~: seize the moment, report sudden events, understand announcements
Last lesson, Rin handed in the first draft of his tour plan. This lesson is the July summer festival in Yanaka, at the same shrine as Lesson 8! Let's read the comic first!
After this lesson, you can:
- Use 〜うちに/〜ない うちに to say “while ~” and “before ~ happens”, and seize the moment
- Use 〜て いる うちに to say “as I kept doing ~, before I knew it ~ happened”
- Use 〜最中に to say “right in the middle of ~, suddenly ~”, and 〜最中だ to say “I'm busy with ~”
- Understand 〜の 際は (“when ~”, formal) in announcements and notices
Rainy Summer Fest
Plan draft handed in, Yanaka's summer festival is back, and Rin is a volunteer guide! (屋台 = food stall)
うちに = while it lasts, 最中に = right in the middle of, 際に = formal “when”. Next: lanterns remind someone of Hana.
This lesson's words: the rainy summer festival
- 〜うちに (uchi ni): while ~ (it's still like this)
- 〜ない うちに (nai uchi ni): before ~ happens
- 〜て いる うちに (te iru uchi ni): as ~ goes on, before you know it
- 〜最中に (saichū ni): in the middle of ~ (suddenly)
- 〜際(に) (sai ni): when ~, upon ~ (formal)
- 屋台 (yatai): food stall, street stall
- 準備する (junbi suru): preparation
- 明るい (akarui): bright; (still) light out
- 暗い (kurai): dark
- 開ける (akeru): to open; (a shop) to open for business
- 利用する (riyō suru): use
- 並ぶ (narabu): to line up
- 一列 (ichiretsu): one line, a single row
- 停電する (teiden suru): power outage
- 鳴る (naru): (a bell, a phone) to ring
- 地震 (jishin): earthquake
- 非常 (hijō): emergency
- お降り (ōri): (polite) getting off
- 足元 (ashimoto): underfoot, where you step
- 注意 (chūi): attention, care
- 脱ぐ (nugu): to take off (shoes, clothes)
- メモする (memo suru): to jot down, to take notes
Grammar 1 / 3: うちに
Aうちに = while A (it's still like this); ない うちに = before ~ happens; て いる うちに = as you keep ~ing, before you know it
- Aうちに = while A: A is a state that will change: 明るい・熱い・若い・日本に いる. It means “while A is still true, do ~ first.” Once it changes, it's too late.
- How to connect: i-adjectives attach directly (熱い うちに), na-adjectives add な (元気な うちに), and nouns add の (学生の うちに・今の うちに). Verbs: state verbs like いる and ある use the dictionary form (日本に いる うちに); other action verbs use the ている form or ない form (話して いる うちに・忘れない うちに).
- ない うちに = before ~ happens: 雨が 降らない うちに・忘れない うちに. The meaning is close to 降る 前に, but うちに adds a sense of urgency: “hurry!”
- て いる うちに = before you know it: Vて いる うちに+change = “as I kept ~ing, it became ~”: 話して いる うちに 暗く なった. What follows is often a change like 〜く なった or 〜ように なった.
- 熱い うちに 食べて ください。 — Please eat it while it's hot.
- 学生の うちに、たくさん 旅行したいです。 — I want to travel a lot while I'm still a student.
- 雨が 降らない うちに、帰りましょう。 — Let's go home before it starts raining.
- 忘れない うちに、メモして おこう。 — Let's write it down before we forget.
- 日本語の 歌を 聞いて いる うちに、歌えるように なりました。 — As I kept listening to Japanese songs, I could sing them before I knew it.
Grammar 2 / 3: 最中に
Vている/Nの+最中に = right in the middle of ~, (just then) suddenly ~; 〜最中だ = I'm busy with ~ right now
- Vている/Nの+最中に: Verbs use the ている form: 案内して いる 最中に. Nouns add の: 祭りの 最中に・ごはんの 最中に.
- What follows is usually sudden: 最中 means “in progress, halfway through.” What follows is often something that interrupts it: rain, a power outage, a ringing phone, an earthquake. It carries a feeling of “of all times, right then!”
- Sentence end: 〜最中だ = busy with: 今、仕事の 最中です = I'm in the middle of work right now (not a good time). It stresses “busy, absorbed” more than 〜て いる ところだ.
- Different from て いる うちに: Vて いる うちに means “as I kept ~ing, things gradually changed.” Vて いる 最中に means “while ~ing, suddenly interrupted.” Long-term states (住んで いる・持って いる) don't use 最中.
- 案内して いる 最中に、雨が 降って きた。 — In the middle of guiding, it suddenly started to rain.
- 祭りの 最中に、停電しました。 — In the middle of the lively festival, the power went out.
- ごはんの 最中に、電話が 鳴りました。 — In the middle of a meal, the phone rang.
- 今、仕事の 最中なので、また 電話します。 — I'm in the middle of work right now. I'll call you back.
- テストの 最中に、おなかが 痛く なった。 — Halfway through the exam, my stomach started to hurt.
Grammar 3 / 3: 際に
Vる・Vた/Nの+際(に)= when ~, upon ~: the formal way to say とき, common in notices, announcements and business
- 際 = the formal version of とき: It means “when ~” just like とき, but it is very formal. You often see it in announcements, notices, manuals and business settings.
- How to connect: dictionary / た form of verbs, or noun+の: Verbs use the dictionary form or た form: 入る 際・行った 際. Nouns add の: ご利用の 際・非常の 際. Unlike とき, 際 is generally not used after adjectives (✗暑い 際).
- 〜の 際は: the fixed notice phrase: Adding は makes it “when ~, please ~”: ご利用の 際は・お降りの 際は. It is usually followed by 〜て ください or お〜ください. The お/ご+noun before it is polite wording in announcements and notices: ご利用 (use), お降り (getting off), ご注意ください (please be careful).
- In chat, use とき: If you say 際 to a friend, it sounds like reading an announcement. In daily conversation, just say とき: 京都へ 行った とき.
- ご利用の 際は、一列に 並んで お待ちください。 — When using our stalls, please wait in a single line.
- お降りの 際は、足元に ご注意ください。 — When getting off, please watch your step.
- 非常の 際は、エレベーターを 使わないで ください。 — In an emergency, please do not use the elevator.
- お寺に 入る 際は、靴を 脱いで ください。 — When entering the temple, please take off your shoes.
- 京都へ 行った 際に、この お菓子を 買いました。 — When I went to Kyoto, I bought this sweet.