Lesson 144: をめぐって・に向けて・に反して・につき
N2 · Lesson 144 · 18 min — Disputes, goals, contrasts, notices: two voices at the neighborhood meeting
Last lesson, Rin raised his hand for the first time at the briefing. This lesson takes place at the neighborhood association (町内会). You'll learn four formal phrases: をめぐって (the center of a dispute), に向けて (toward a goal), に反して (contrary to / against) and につき (per ~ / due to ~). Comic first!
After this lesson, you can:
- Use をめぐって to say "over ~" (people disagree or argue)
- Use に向けて to say "toward ~" (preparing or working for a goal or a day)
- Use に反して to say "contrary to what was expected" or "against the rules"
- Read the notice word につき: "per ~" and "due to ~"
One Tree, Two Voices
Rin raised his hand at the briefing. Now the neighbors split over that tree. (町内会 = neighborhood association, 署名 = petition)
をめぐって = over, に向けて = toward, に反して = contrary to, につき = per / due to. Next: the petition hits the streets!
Words for this lesson: the neighborhood meeting and notices
- 〜を めぐって (o megutte): over ~ (a dispute, a discussion)
- 〜を めぐる+N (o meguru): over ~ (before a noun)
- 〜に 向けて (ni mukete): toward ~; in preparation for ~
- 〜に 反して (ni hanshite): contrary to ~; against ~
- 〜につき (ni tsuki): ① per ~ ② due to ~ (the two most common meanings on notices)
- 町内会 (chōnaikai): neighborhood association (a residents' self-governing group)
- 分かれる (wakareru): to split, to divide
- 意見 (iken): opinion, view
- 計画 (keikaku): plan
- 問題 (mondai): problem, issue
- 反対 (hantai): opposition
- 予想 (yosō): expectation, prediction
- 天気予報 (tenki yohō): weather forecast
- 救急車 (kyūkyūsha): ambulance
- 通れる (tōreru): can pass through
- 理由 (riyū): reason
- 署名 (shomei): signature; petition
- 作戦 (sakusen): operation, strategy
- 試食 (shishoku): free sample (food)
- お一人様 (ohitorisama): (polite) one customer
- 五回目 (gokaime): the fifth time
- 期待 (kitai): expectation, hope
- 規則 (kisoku): rule, regulation
- 結果 (kekka): result
- 世界 (sekai): world
- 工事中 (kōjichū): under construction
- 定休日 (teikyūbi): regular day off (a shop's fixed closing day)
- 本日 (honjitsu): today (formal)
- 出口 (deguchi): exit
Grammar 1 / 4: をめぐって
Noun + をめぐって = "over ~". Use it when many people have different views on the same thing and are discussing or arguing. Before a noun, say をめぐる + noun.
- Noun + をめぐって = everyone around one issue: Before it comes "the center of the dispute or discussion." After it, you often see actions with several sides: 意見が 分かれる・話し合う・反対の 声が 出る.
- Before a noun: をめぐる + N: めぐる is originally a verb meaning "go around," so it can go straight before a noun: 木を めぐる 問題 = the problem over the tree.
- Different from について: について just means "about": 木に ついて 一人で 調べる (you can do this alone). をめぐって always feels like "several sides, different opinions."
- The particle is always を: Say 〜を めぐって, never 〜に めぐって. Common in news headlines, briefings and meeting minutes.
- 木を めぐって、町が 二つに 分かれました。 — Over that tree, the town split in two.
- 道の 計画を めぐって、意見が 分かれて います。 — Over the road plan, opinions are divided.
- 木を めぐる 問題を、みんなで 話し合いました。 — Everyone discussed the problem over that tree.
- この 計画を めぐって、反対の 声も 出て いる。 — Over this plan, voices of opposition have appeared too.
- 店の 名前を めぐって、友だちと 意見が 分かれた。 — Over the shop's name, my friend and I disagreed.
Grammar 2 / 4: にむけて
Noun + に向けて = "toward ~": you prepare or make an effort for a goal, a day or an event. Before a noun, say に向けた + noun.
- Noun + に向けて = moving toward a goal: Before it comes a goal, a coming day or an event: 春・試験・祭り. After it comes what people do for it: 準備する・練習する・集める.
- Before a noun: に向けた + N: 春に 向けた 計画 = a plan for spring.
- Also "facing (an audience)": 世界に 向けて 話を 伝える = to tell a story to the whole world. It means "speaking to someone" or "sending something toward a place."
- Different from ために and 〜向け: ために shows purpose: 署名を 集める ために. に向けて has a "finish line" before it, with a feeling of getting closer step by step. 〜向け means "made for ~": 子ども向けの 本.
- 春に 向けて、署名を 集めましょう。 — Let's collect signatures to welcome spring.
- 試験に 向けて、毎日 練習して います。 — I practice every day for the exam.
- 祭りに 向けた 準備が 始まりました。 — Preparations for the festival have started.
- 世界に 向けて、谷中の 話を 伝えたい。 — I want to tell the whole world the story of Yanaka.
- 春に 向けた 計画を みんなで 作った。 — Everyone made a plan together for spring.
Grammar 3 / 4: にはんして
Noun + に反して = "contrary to ~": the result turns out the opposite of what was expected or hoped. After 規則, it means "against the rules." Before a noun, say に反する + noun.
- 予想・期待+に反して = it turned out opposite: After 予想・期待・天気予報+に反して comes an unexpected result: 予想に 反して、道を 広げたい 人も 多かった.
- 規則+に反する = to go against: After 規則 (rules, laws), it means "against": 規則に 反する ことは しないで ください.
- Before a noun: に反する + N: 期待に 反する 結果 = a result contrary to expectations.
- To compare two people, に対して is common: To compare two people, に対して is the most common: 兄は 元気だ。それに 対して、弟は 静かだ。You can't say "person + に反して" directly. に反して is for results that go against an expectation, and for breaking rules. It is not a way to compare two people, so we skip that in this lesson.
- 予想に 反して、道を 広げたい 人も 多かった。 — Contrary to expectations, many people wanted a wider road.
- 天気予報に 反して、朝から 雨が 降った。 — Contrary to the weather forecast, it has rained since morning.
- みんなの 期待に 反して、お客さんは 少なかった。 — Contrary to everyone's hopes, there were few customers.
- 規則に 反する ことは しないで ください。 — Please do not do anything against the rules.
- 期待に 反する 結果に なりました。 — The result was contrary to what we hoped.
Grammar 4 / 4: につき
Noun + につき has two very common meanings on notices and price lists. ① "per ~": お一人様につき 一個 = one per person. ② "due to ~" in notices: 工事中につき = due to construction.
- ① Unit + につき = per ~: 一人につき・一時間につき・一回につき, followed by an amount or a price. The meaning is close to ずつ・ごとに, but につき is more formal and often written on price lists and rules.
- ② N + につき = due to ~ (notices): 工事中 (under construction)・準備中 (getting ready, not open yet)・定休日 (regular day off) + につき: common on shop doors and station signs. After it comes "so we can't ~ / we are closed."
- Nouns only, very formal: Put a noun right before につき. No verb, and no の in between. It is the wording of notices and formal announcements. In daily talk, give reasons with から・ので・で: 風邪で 休む.
- Unit first, amount after: To say "one per person": お一人様につき 一個. If you flip the order (一個につき お一人様), the meaning changes.
- 試食は お一人様につき 一個まで です。 — One free sample per person.
- この 部屋は 一時間につき 500円です。 — This room is 500 yen per hour.
- 署名は 一人につき 一回です。 — One signature per person.
- 工事中につき、この 道は 通れません。 — Due to construction, this road is closed.
- 本日は 定休日につき、休ませて いただきます。 — Closed today for our regular day off.