積む（つむ）Conjugation
JLPT N3 · Godan verb (Group 1) · Meaning: to pile up / accumulate
Full conjugation table
| Form | Japanese | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary form The base form — casual speech and the stem for many grammar patterns. | 積む | つむ |
| masu (polite present) Polite present/future affirmative. | 積みます | つみます |
| masen (polite negative) Polite present negative. | 積みません | つみません |
| mashita (polite past) Polite past affirmative. | 積みました | つみました |
| masen deshita (polite past neg.) Polite past negative. | 積みませんでした | つみませんでした |
| te-form The most versatile form — linking, requests, progressive and more. | 積んで | つんで |
| ta (plain past) Plain past affirmative. | 積んだ | つんだ |
| nai (plain negative) Plain present negative. | 積まない | つまない |
| nakatta (plain past neg.) Plain past negative. | 積まなかった | つまなかった |
| Potential Ability or possibility — 'can do'. | 積める | つめる |
| Passive Passive voice — 'to be done to'. | 積まれる | つまれる |
| Causative Causative — 'to make/let someone do'. | 積ませる | つませる |
| Volitional Volitional — 'let's…' or intention. | 積もう | つもう |
| Imperative Imperative — a strong command; used sparingly. | 積め | つめ |
| Prohibitive Prohibitive — 'don't do it!'. | 積むな | つむな |
| Conditional (ba) Hypothetical 'if' — leans written. | 積めば | つめば |
| Conditional (tara) The most versatile everyday 'if / when'. | 積んだら | つんだら |
Example sentences
- トラックに荷物を積む。 — I load the cargo onto the truck.
- 経験を積んで、腕を上げる。 — I improve my skills by gaining experience.