“〜ni nazoraete”: To Liken To / Compare To (using B to depict A) [JLPT N1]
By Nihongo to Japan · Updated July 3, 2026
Explaining one thing by comparing it to another
“〜ni nazoraete”: To Liken / Compare A to B
「noun A + を + noun B + になぞらえて」 means “to liken A to B, to depict A using B” — explaining A through a familiar B by their similarity. E.g. 「人生を旅になぞらえて語る」 (speak of life by likening it to a journey), 「四季を人の一生になぞらえる」 (liken the four seasons to a human life). It's a formal, refined figurative expression.
🧠 Core nuance: explaining via a similar thing as a metaphor
The core is using B to depict A: pick a B that shares similarities with A, and “liken” A to B to understand or explain it (life is like a journey, the seasons like a life). なぞらえる means “to liken, to compare.” The structure is 「AをBになぞらえて」 — A is what's being likened, B is what it's likened to. It makes the abstract graspable through a concrete metaphor, common in literature, criticism, and speeches.
📌 How to Connect
| Form | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| AをBになぞらえて | A (を) + B (に) + なぞらえて | 人生を旅になぞらえて |
| になぞらえる (dict.) | liken A to B | 〜になぞらえる |
| になぞらえた + noun | modify a noun | 山になぞらえた作品 |
💬 Example Sentences
- 人生を旅になぞらえて、彼は半生を語った。(Likening life to a journey, he recounted his life so far.) — figurative explanation
- 四季を人の一生になぞらえる詩は多い。(There are many poems likening the seasons to a human life.) — liken to
- この作品は、社会を箱庭になぞらえて描いている。(This work depicts society by likening it to a miniature garden.) — literature
- 受験を戦いになぞらえて、自分を鼓舞した。(Likening the exam to a battle, I psyched myself up.) — metaphor
- 企業を生き物になぞらえれば、変化に適応する力が要る。(If you liken a company to a living thing, it needs the power to adapt to change.) — argument
🔄 Compare: になぞらえて vs にたとえて vs のように vs を例に
| Expression | Nuance | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜になぞらえて | “liken to 〜” (formal, refined, structured metaphor) | 人生を旅になぞらえて |
| 〜にたとえて | “compare to 〜” (general) | 人生を旅にたとえて |
| 〜のように | “like 〜” (direct simile) | 旅のように |
| 〜を例に | “taking 〜 as an example” (exemplifying) | 成功例を例に |
⚠️ Common Mistakes
- Swapping A/B particles: it's 「AをBになぞらえて」 (liken A to B); don't reverse を/に.
- Misreading which is the vehicle: B is what it's likened to (the journey), A is what's likened (life).
- Connection: noun + になぞらえて; preceded by a noun.
- なぞらえる conjugation: なぞらえて/なぞらえる/なぞらえた (to modify a noun).
💡 Nuance & When to Use
になぞらえて is a formal, refined figurative expression that likens A to a similar B to explain it: life to a journey, the seasons to a life, society to a miniature garden. It makes the abstract and complex graspable and elegant through a familiar metaphor, common in literature, criticism, speeches, and argument. More written and refined than the colloquial にたとえて. Master the 「AをBになぞらえて」 structure. A must at N1.
🎯 JLPT Exam Tips
- Commonly tested at N1: AをBになぞらえて = liken A to B.
- Particles: A takes を, B takes に; preceded by a noun.
- Distinction: になぞらえて (formal, refined) vs にたとえて (general) vs を例に (exemplifying).
🖊️ 練習題(5題)
Q1. 「四季を人の一生___語る。」(把四季比作人的一生)
(A) になぞらえて (B) によって (C) において (D) にとって
Q2. 「人生を旅になぞらえる」の意味は?
(A) 把人生比作旅程
(B) 去人生旅行
(C) 討厭旅行
(D) 人生就是旅行社
Q3. 「Aを Bになぞらえて」の構造で、比喻の対象は?
(A) B(用B來比喻A)
(B) A
(C) 兩者都不是
(D) 沒有比喻
Q4. 「になぞらえて」の文體は?
(A) 較正式、鄭重
(B) 兒童口語
(C) 網路語
(D) 命令語
Q5. 接法が正しいのは?
(A) 山になぞらえて困難を語る。 (B) 山をなぞらえてに。
(C) 山だになぞらえて。 (D) 山になぞらえてを困難。
答案解析
1. (A) になぞらえて ── 把四季比作人的一生。
2. (A) ── 把人生比作旅程。
3. (A) B ── 用B來比喻A。
4. (A) ── 較正式、鄭重。
5. (A) ── 「山になぞらえて」正確。