“〜ni nazoraete”: To Liken To / Compare To (using B to depict A) [JLPT N1]

By Nihongo to Japan · Updated July 3, 2026

Explaining one thing by comparing it to another

“〜ni nazoraete”: To Liken / Compare A to B

「noun A + を + noun B + になぞらえて」 means “to liken A to B, to depict A using B” — explaining A through a familiar B by their similarity. E.g. 「人生を旅になぞらえて語る」 (speak of life by likening it to a journey), 「四季を人の一生になぞらえる(liken the four seasons to a human life). It's a formal, refined figurative expression.

🧠 Core nuance: explaining via a similar thing as a metaphor

The core is using B to depict A: pick a B that shares similarities with A, and “liken” A to B to understand or explain it (life is like a journey, the seasons like a life). なぞらえる means “to liken, to compare.” The structure is 「AをBになぞらえて」 — A is what's being likened, B is what it's likened to. It makes the abstract graspable through a concrete metaphor, common in literature, criticism, and speeches.

📌 How to Connect

FormPatternExample
AをBになぞらえてA (を) + B (に) + なぞらえて人生を旅になぞらえて
になぞらえる (dict.)liken A to Bになぞらえる
になぞらえた + nounmodify a nounになぞらえた作品

💬 Example Sentences

🔄 Compare: になぞらえて vs にたとえて vs のように vs を例に

ExpressionNuanceExample
〜になぞらえて“liken to 〜” (formal, refined, structured metaphor)人生を旅になぞらえて
〜にたとえて“compare to 〜” (general)人生を旅にたとえて
〜のように“like 〜” (direct simile)旅のように
〜を例に“taking 〜 as an example” (exemplifying)成功例を例に

⚠️ Common Mistakes

  1. Swapping A/B particles: it's 「ABなぞらえて」 (liken A to B); don't reverse を/に.
  2. Misreading which is the vehicle: B is what it's likened to (the journey), A is what's likened (life).
  3. Connection: noun + になぞらえて; preceded by a noun.
  4. なぞらえる conjugation: なぞらえて/なぞらえる/なぞらえた (to modify a noun).

💡 Nuance & When to Use

になぞらえて is a formal, refined figurative expression that likens A to a similar B to explain it: life to a journey, the seasons to a life, society to a miniature garden. It makes the abstract and complex graspable and elegant through a familiar metaphor, common in literature, criticism, speeches, and argument. More written and refined than the colloquial にたとえて. Master the 「AをBになぞらえて」 structure. A must at N1.

🎯 JLPT Exam Tips

🖊️ 練習題(5題)

Q1. 「四季を人の一生___語る。」(把四季比作人的一生)

(A) になぞらえて (B) によって (C) において (D) にとって

Q2. 「人生を旅になぞらえる」の意味は?

(A) 把人生比作旅程

(B) 去人生旅行

(C) 討厭旅行

(D) 人生就是旅行社

Q3. 「Aを Bになぞらえて」の構造で、比喻の対象は?

(A) B(用B來比喻A)

(B) A

(C) 兩者都不是

(D) 沒有比喻

Q4. 「になぞらえて」の文體は?

(A) 較正式、鄭重

(B) 兒童口語

(C) 網路語

(D) 命令語

Q5. 接法が正しいのは?

(A) 山になぞらえて困難を語る。 (B) 山をなぞらえてに。

(C) 山だになぞらえて。 (D) 山になぞらえてを困難。


答案解析

1. (A) になぞらえて ── 把四季比作人的一生。

2. (A) ── 把人生比作旅程。

3. (A) B ── 用B來比喻A。

4. (A) ── 較正式、鄭重。

5. (A) ── 「山になぞらえて」正確。