Lesson 85: 見ながら・ささないで・ついた まま

N4 · Lesson 85 · 18 min — "While doing A, B," "without doing A," and "leaving A as it is"

Last lesson you reviewed purpose, contrast and reasons. This lesson has three ways to join two actions: ながら (at the same time), ないで (without doing one) and まま (something stays as it was). Read the comic first!

After this lesson, you can:

くまや, Light Still On

A spring-break night after the graduation party. Rin takes Neko-sensei on a walk around Yanaka with a map. (地図ちず = map)

ながら = while ~ing; ないで = without ~ing; まま = leaving ~ as it is. Next lesson: the cherry blossoms are out, and the photo hunt begins!

Words in this lesson: evening walks and daily life

Grammar 1 / 3: While ~ing

ます-form without ます + ながら = doing A while doing B (one person, two actions at once; the main action goes at the end)

Grammar 2 / 3: Without ~ing

ない-form + で = without doing A, (do) B; instead of doing A, (do) B. The written style is 〜ずに (する→せずに)

Grammar 3 / 3: Left as is

た-form / Nの + まま = leaving ~ as it is (it should have changed, but didn't); just like that