Lesson 148: ばかりでなく・うえに・のみならず

N2 · Lesson 148 · 17 min — Not only ~ but also ~, on top of ~, not merely ~ (formal): writing a "benefits on benefits" plan to save the cherry tree

Last lesson, Rin understood the meeting notes: if there is one safe alternative plan, the ward office will consider it. This lesson teaches three ways to say "one more thing": ばかりでなく (not only ~ but also ~), うえに (and on top of that ~) and のみならず (not merely ~, written style). Start with the comic!

After this lesson, you can:

• Use ばかりでなく (〜も) to say "not only ~ but also ~": 木きを 守まもる ばかりでなく、歩道ほどうも 広ひろく する
• Use ばかりか for "not only ~ but even ~", and know it can't be followed by "let's ~" or "please ~"
• Use うえに to stack two things in the same direction: おいしい うえに 安やすい
• Use のみならず in formal proposals and reports, and know when だけでなく is better

A Plan of Stacked Benefits

The meeting notes asked for an alternative plan, so Rin draws his own in the drafting room... (守まもる = protect, 広ひろく する = widen, 狭せまく なる = become narrow, 土地とち = land, 道路どうろ = road, よい = written style of いい)

ばかりでなく・のみならず = not only A but B; うえに = one more layer in the same direction. Next lesson: JLPT and the petition pull Rin two ways...

Words for this lesson: plans, roads and "one more thing"

• 〜ばかりでなく／ばかりか (bakari de naku / bakari ka): not only ~ but also ~ / not only ~ but even ~
• 〜うえ（に） (ue (ni)): and on top of that ~
• 〜のみならず (nomi narazu): not merely ~ (written style)
• 案あん (an): plan, proposal
• 製図室せいずしつ (seizushitsu): drafting room
• 歩道ほどう (hodō): sidewalk
• 幅はば (haba): width
• 足たりる (tariru): to be enough
• 出だす (dasu): to put out, to give up
• 救急車きゅうきゅうしゃ (kyūkyūsha): ambulance
• 通とおれる (tōreru): can pass through
• 残のこる (nokoru): to remain, to be left
• 住民じゅうみん (jūmin): resident
• 観光客かんこうきゃく (kankōkyaku): tourist
• 全体ぜんたい (zentai): whole, entire

Grammar 1 / 3: ばかりでなく

Plain form + ばかりでなく (〜も) = not only ~ but also ~: say A first, then add a similar B. 木きを 守まもる ばかりでなく、歩道ほどうも 広ひろく する = not only save the tree, but also widen the sidewalk.

• Form: plain form + ばかりでなく: Verbs and i-adjectives attach in the plain form: 守まもる ばかりでなく・狭せまい ばかりでなく. Nouns attach directly, with no だ: 住民じゅうみんばかりでなく. Na-adjectives add な: 静しずかな ばかりでなく. In the second half you often see 〜でも ある = "is also ~" (the である you learned, with も in the middle): 便利べんりでも ある = is also convenient.
• Meaning: not only A, but also B: A is definitely true, and a similar B is added. B usually takes も: 歩道ほどうも・観光客かんこうきゃくも.
• ばかりか: stronger: 〜ばかりか = "not only ~, but even ~," with a touch of surprise. But the second half can't end in "let's ~" or 〜て ください. To make a suggestion or a request, use ばかりでなく.
• Don't mix it up with ばかり: You learned テレビばかり 見みる = watch nothing but TV (only ~). Add でなく after ばかり and it means "not only ~."

• 木きを 守まもる ばかりでなく、歩道ほどうも 広ひろく します。 — Not only save the tree, but also widen the sidewalk.
• 谷中やなかは 住民じゅうみんばかりでなく、観光客かんこうきゃくにも 人気にんきが ある。 — Yanaka is loved not only by residents but also by tourists.
• この 道みちは 狭せまい ばかりでなく、車くるまも 多おおい。 — This road is not only narrow, it also has a lot of cars.
• 谷中やなかは 静しずかな ばかりでなく、便利べんりでも ある。 — Yanaka is not only quiet, it's also convenient.
• 熊太くまたは 手伝てつだって くれた ばかりか、お弁当べんとうも 作つくって くれた。 — Kumata not only came to help, he even made me a lunch box.

Grammar 2 / 3: うえに

Noun-modifying form + うえ(に) = and on top of that ~: pile a same-direction B on top of A. おいしい うえに 安やすい = tasty and cheap, too.

• Form: same as modifying a noun: Verb plain form: 通とおれる うえに・迷まよった うえに. I-adjectives: 安やすい うえに. Na-adjectives add な: 親切しんせつな うえに. Nouns add の: 雨あめの うえに. Note: Nの うえに = "it's N, and on top of that ~." Use it with nouns for states and situations (rainy weather, being sick...). You can't use it for a range of people like "not only residents, even tourists."
• Meaning: and, on top of that: A is already there, and B is added on top. B often takes も: 木きも・風かぜも.
• The direction must match: Good + good, or bad + bad. For one good and one bad, like "tasty, but expensive," use けど.
• No commands or invitations in the second half: うえに states facts or opinions. You can't follow it directly with 〜て ください or 〜ましょう. To invite someone, finish the sentence and start a new one.

• 救急車きゅうきゅうしゃが 通とおれる うえに、木きも 残のこる。 — Ambulances can pass, and on top of that, the tree stays too.
• くまやの ラーメンは おいしい うえに 安やすい。 — The ramen at くまや is tasty and cheap, too.
• 熊太くまたは 親切しんせつな うえに、料理りょうりも 上手じょうずだ。 — Kumata is kind, and he's good at cooking, too.
• 今日きょうは 雨あめの うえに、風かぜも 強つよい。 — Today it's not only raining, but the wind is strong too.
• 道みちに 迷まよった うえに、雨あめにも 降ふられた。 — I got lost, and on top of that, I got rained on.

Grammar 3 / 3: のみならず

Plain form / noun + のみならず = not merely ~: the same meaning as ばかりでなく, but the most written and formal. 住民じゅうみんのみならず、観光客かんこうきゃくにも よい = good not merely for residents but for tourists too.

• Form: N / plain form + のみならず: Nouns attach directly: 住民じゅうみんのみならず. Verbs and i-adjectives take the plain form: 守まもる のみならず. In formal writing, nouns and na-adjectives often take 〜である のみならず.
• Meaning: not merely A, but B too: Like ばかりでなく, the second half ties back with も: 観光客かんこうきゃくにも・町まちも・問題もんだいでも ある.
• Use it in formal situations: のみ is the written style of だけ. Use のみならず in proposals, reports, speeches and news. Here "いい" is also often written as the more formal "よい" (same meaning). With friends, just use だけでなく.
• At the start of a sentence: のみならず、〜: After a finished sentence, start the next one with 「のみならず、」 = "not only that, ~." It's like その上うえ that you learned, but more formal.

• 住民じゅうみんのみならず、観光客かんこうきゃくにも よい 案あんです。 — This is a plan that's good not merely for residents but for tourists too.
• この 案あんは 木きを 守まもる のみならず、町まちも 安全あんぜんに する。 — This plan not merely protects the tree, it also makes the street safe.
• この 問題もんだいは 谷中やなかのみならず、東京とうきょう全体ぜんたいの 問題もんだいでも ある。 — This problem is not merely Yanaka's problem, it is also a problem for all of Tokyo.
• 日本にほんからのみならず、台湾たいわんからも 署名しょめいが 届とどいた。 — Petitions came not merely from Japan, but from Taiwan too.
• 店長てんちょうは 土地とちを 提供ていきょうする。のみならず、工事こうじも 手伝てつだう。 — The shop owner will provide land. Not only that, he will help with the construction.