Lesson 80: 専門学校に 通うために
N4 · Lesson 80 · 18 min — "In order to..." / "So that I can... / So I don't..." / "Used for..." / "Need to... / No need to..."
Last lesson, Rin learned "come to be able to..." and "try to...". This lesson has four ways to talk about purpose: ために, ように, のに and 必要. The key is how ために and ように share the work. Ask: is the action before it something you can decide yourself, or something you can't? Read the comic first!
After this lesson, you can:
- Say why you do something: 専門学校に 通うために 日本に 来ました (I came to Japan in order to attend vocational school)
- Say "so that I can..." and "so that I don't...": 忘れないように メモします (I'll note it down so I don't forget)
- Say what something is used for: 住民票を もらうのに 使います (It's used for getting a residence certificate)
- Say what you need and don't need: 並ぶ必要は ありません (There's no need to queue)
A Day at the Ward Office
Rin got into vocational school. For his visa (在留資格) paperwork, he might need a residence certificate, so he and Neko-sensei go to the ward office. (区役所 = ward office)
ために = in order to (something you do yourself); ように = so that I can... / so that I don't... Next lesson: Rin goes to the library to look up the cherry blossoms in Yanaka and compare them with a photo!
Words for this lesson: the ward office and purpose
- 区役所 (kuyakusho): ward office (区役所)
- 専門学校 (senmon gakkō): vocational school
- 通う (kayou): to commute (regularly to school or work)
- 書類 (shorui): documents; papers
- 必要 (hitsuyō): necessary; needed
- ビザ (biza): visa
- 手続き (tetsuzuki): procedure; paperwork
- 住民票 (jūminhyō): residence certificate (住民票)
- 紙 (kami): paper; a sheet (form)
- メモする (memo suru): to write down; to take notes
- 番号 (bangō): number
- 取る (toru): to take; to get (番号を 取る = take a number ticket)
- 窓口 (madoguchi): window; counter
- 並ぶ (narabu): to queue; to line up
- たいやき (taiyaki): taiyaki
- 道路 (dōro): road
- 広げる (hirogeru): to widen; to expand
- 説明会 (setsumeikai): information session; briefing
- 健康 (kenkō): health
- 練習する (renshū suru): to practice
- 予約する (yoyaku suru): to reserve; to book
- アプリ (apuri): app (smartphone application)
- 調べる (shiraberu): to look up; to check; to investigate
- はさみ (hasami): scissors
- 切る (kiru): to cut
Grammar 1 / 4: In order to (ために)
Dictionary form / Noun + の + ために = in order to... (what comes before it is something you decide to do yourself). To describe a noun, use ための + noun.
- Dictionary form + ために: in order to...: The first half is the purpose. The second half is what you do for it: 専門学校に 通うために 日本に 来ました (I came to Japan in order to attend vocational school). A comma after ために is optional.
- Noun + の + ために: With a noun, add の before ために: 健康の ために (for health), 試験の ために (for the exam).
- The action before it must be one you can decide: Put an action in front of ために that you can do whenever you want to (通う・働く・買う), and usually the same person does both actions. Things you can't just decide, like "be able to speak" or "can hear", use ように (next grammar point).
- ための + noun: Change the に of ために to の and it can describe a noun: 留学生のための 説明会 (an information session for international students), 専門学校に 通うための 手続き (the paperwork needed to attend vocational school).
- 専門学校に 通うために、日本に 来ました。 — I came to Japan in order to attend vocational school.
- たいやきを 買うために 並んで います。 — I'm queuing in order to buy taiyaki.
- 健康の ために、毎日 歩きます。 — I walk every day for my health.
- 試験の ために、図書館で 勉強します。 — I study at the library for the exam.
- これは 専門学校に 通うための 手続きです。 — This is the paperwork you need to attend vocational school.
Grammar 2 / 4: So I can / So I don't (ように)
Potential form / ない-form / non-volitional verb + ように = so that I can... / so that I don't...
- ない-form + ように: so that I don't...: Put the thing you don't want to happen first: 忘れないように メモします (I'll write it down so I don't forget), 遅れないように 早く 出ます (I'll leave early so I'm not late).
- Potential form + ように: so that I can...: Whether you can do something isn't decided on the spot, so use ように: 日本語が 話せるように 練習します (I practice so that I can speak Japanese).
- Non-volitional verb + ように: Verbs for things that "just happen", like わかる・聞こえる・見える, also take ように: 番号が よく 聞こえるように 前に 座ります (I sit in front so I can hear my number clearly). The person who sees or hears takes に: みんなに よく 見えるように (so that everyone can see clearly). ように is also common when the two parts have different subjects: リンさんが わかるように、ゆっくり 話します (I'll speak slowly so that Rin can understand).
- How do I choose between ために and ように?: Look at the action before it. If it is something you can do whenever you want, use ために (通うために). If it is an ability, something you don't want to happen, or something that happens by itself, use ように (話せるように・忘れないように・聞こえるように). This ように is followed by a different action. It is not the same as ように する/なる in Lesson 79.
- 忘れないように、メモしました。 — I wrote it down so that I wouldn't forget.
- 日本語が 話せるように、毎日 練習して います。 — I practice every day so that I can speak Japanese.
- 遅れないように、早く 家を 出ました。 — I left home early so that I wouldn't be late.
- 番号が よく 聞こえるように、前に 座ります。 — I sit in front so that I can hear my number clearly.
- みんなに よく 見えるように、大きく 書いて ください。 — Please write bigger so that everyone can see it clearly.
Grammar 3 / 4: Used for (のに)
Dictionary form + のに + 使う/いい/必要 = used for... / good for... / needed for...
- Dictionary form + のに + 使う: used for...: Say what something is used for: この 紙は 住民票を もらうのに 使います (This paper is used for getting a residence certificate), はさみは 紙を 切るのに 使います (Scissors are used for cutting paper).
- 〜のに いい: good for...: Say that something is handy or suitable for an action: この アプリは 道を 調べるのに いいです (This app is good for looking up routes).
- 〜のに 必要: needed for...: Say what is needed for an action: ビザを もらうのに 写真が 必要です (A photo is needed to get a visa).
- How do I choose between のに and ために?: After 使う or いい, always use のに. After 必要, both のに and ために work (ビザを もらうのに/もらうために 写真が 必要です). After a real action like "go", "buy" or "queue", only ために works: 住民票を もらうために 区役所へ 行きます. You will later learn another のに that looks the same but means something very different. For now, remember: here, のに = "used for...".
- この 紙は 住民票を もらうのに 使います。 — This paper is used when getting a residence certificate.
- はさみは 紙を 切るのに 使います。 — Scissors are used for cutting paper.
- この アプリは 日本語を 勉強するのに いいです。 — This app is good for studying Japanese.
- この 地図は 道を 調べるのに いいですよ。 — This map is good for looking up routes.
- ビザを もらうのに 写真が 必要です。 — You need a photo to get a visa.
Grammar 4 / 4: Need / No need
Dictionary form + 必要が あります = you need to...; 必要は ありません = you don't need to...
- Dictionary form + 必要が ある: you need to...: Say "you have to do...": 番号を 取る必要が あります (You need to take a number). It is similar to 〜なければ なりません, which you already know, but sounds more objective and formal. It's common in notices and explanations.
- Dictionary form + 必要は ない: no need to...: Say "you don't have to do...": 並ぶ必要は ありません (There's no need to queue). ≒ 並ばなくても いいです. In negatives, が often changes to は.
- 必要 is also a な-adjective: 必要な 書類 (necessary documents), 写真が 必要です (a photo is needed). You should know both Nが 必要です and V必要が あります.
- Casual style: With friends: 並ぶ必要は ない (no need to queue), 予約する必要が ある (you need to book).
- 窓口に 行く 前に、番号を 取る必要が あります。 — Before you go to the window, you need to take a number.
- わたしは 並ぶ必要は ありません。 — I don't need to queue.
- この お店は 予約する必要が あります。 — This shop requires a reservation.
- 写真を 持って 来る必要は ありません。 — You don't need to bring a photo.
- 必要な 書類を ぜんぶ 持って 来ました。 — I brought all the documents I need.