Lesson 137: Nらしい・ふりを する・〜的
N3 · Lesson 137 · 18 min — “Just like ~”, “pretending ~”, “~ in nature”: three ways to describe how things seem and what they are like
Last lesson, Rin was so tired he felt a bit sick (「風邪気味」), and his report was full of mistakes (「間違いだらけ」). In this lesson, at くまや, his good friends try to cheer him up. We learn three patterns: noun + らしい (just like ~), 〜ふりを する (pretend ~), and Sino-Japanese word + 的 (~ in nature). We also separate the two meanings of らしい. Let's start with the comic!
After this lesson, you can:
- Use noun + らしい to say “just like ~” or “typical of ~”: 秋らしい, リンらしくない
- Tell apart two らしい: “typical (has the true character of ~)” and the N4 one, “I hear that ~ / it seems ~”
- Use 〜ふりを する to say “pretend ~”: 寝た ふり, 大丈夫な ふり
- Use a Sino-Japanese word + 的 (な / に / だ) to say “~ in nature, ~-wise”: 具体的に, 経済的な
The Cheer-Up Ramen at くまや
Rin is so tired he feels a bit sick, is often late, and his report is full of mistakes. Tonight Kumata brings him to くまや. (じつは = actually, やっぱり = I knew it, 不安 = worry, 報告 = report, 無理を しないで = don't push yourself, チャーシュー = chashu, ぐう = snoring sound)
Nらしい = just like N, ふりを する = pretend, 的 = ~ in nature. Next lesson: a night under the tree, and Rin's feelings can't stay hidden any longer...
Words for this lesson: appearance, pretending, nature
- 〜らしい (rashii): just like ~, typical of ~
- 男らしい (otokorashii): manly, masculine
- 秋らしい (akirashii): feeling like autumn
- 〜らしくない (rashikunai): not like ~ (not typical of ~)
- 〜ふりを する (furi o suru): pretend ~
- 寝た ふり (neta furi): pretend to sleep
- 知らない ふり (shiranai furi): pretend not to know
- 〜的 (teki): ~ in nature, ~-wise
- 具体的 (gutaiteki): concrete, specific
- 経済的 (keizaiteki): economic; economical, good value
- 個人的 (kojinteki): personal
- 基本的 (kihonteki): basic
- 世界的 (sekaiteki): worldwide, global
- 不安 (fuan): anxiety, worry
- 報告 (hōkoku): report (for school or work)
- 無理を する (muri o suru): overdoing it, pushing yourself too hard
- チャーシュー (chāshū): chashu (sliced pork on ramen)
Grammar 1 / 3: Typical ~
Noun + らしい = “has what that noun should have” (typical of ~). 秋らしい 天気 = typical autumn weather; リンらしくない = not like Rin.
- Noun + らしい = typical of ~: “Nらしい” = has the qualities N should have. 秋らしい = cool air, red leaves, a real autumn feeling; 男らしい = manly.
- It conjugates like an い-adjective: らしい is an い-adjective: らしくない (not like), らしかった (was like), らしく + verb (in a proper way): 学生らしく しなさい = behave like a student.
- Don't mix it up with the “I hear” らしい: You learned the “I hear / it seems” らしい at N4. Check the meaning: if you can swap in 〜そうだ (I hear), it is hearsay. If it means “has the qualities of N”, it is typical. 明日は 雨らしい = I hear it will rain tomorrow (hearsay); 秋らしい 天気 = typical autumn weather. With 〜に よると (according to ~, e.g. 天気予報 = weather forecast), it is always hearsay.
- The negative goes in a different place: Typical: リンらしくない (not like Rin). Hearsay: リンじゃないらしい (I hear it's not Rin). To say “that's not like you”, always use らしくない!
- 今日は 秋らしい 天気ですね。 — The weather today feels just like autumn.
- それは リンらしくないよ。 — That's not like you (Rin).
- 店長の 声は 男らしい。 — The owner's voice is very manly.
- 学生らしい 服で 来て ください。 — Please come in clothes that look right for a student.
- 谷中は 本当に 日本らしい 町だ。 — Yanaka is a town with a really Japanese feel.
Grammar 2 / 3: Pretending ~
〜ふりを する = “pretend ~” (but it isn't really so). What comes before works like a noun modifier: 寝た ふり, 大丈夫な ふり, 学生の ふり.
- 〜ふりを する = pretend ~: You act a certain way, but it isn't true: 寝た ふりを する = pretend to sleep (but you are awake).
- The forms are the noun-modifier forms: Verb plain form: 寝た ふり, 知らない ふり, 聞こえない ふり. い-adjective: 忙しい ふり. な-adjective + な: 大丈夫な ふり. Noun + の: 学生の ふり.
- Common “pretend” phrases: 寝た ふり (pretend to sleep), 知らない ふり (pretend not to know), 聞こえない ふり (pretend not to hear), 見ない ふり (pretend not to see).
- Tense goes on する: ふりを した (pretended), ふりを して いた (was pretending all along), ふりを しないで (don't pretend; 〜ないで is the casual form of 〜ないで ください, and friends often drop ください).
- ずっと 大丈夫な ふりを して いた。 — I've been pretending to be OK all this time.
- 先生は 寝た ふりを して いる。 — The teacher is pretending to sleep.
- 兄は 聞こえない ふりを した。 — My older brother pretended not to hear.
- 知って いる のに、知らない ふりを しないで。 — If you know, don't pretend you don't.
- 忙しい ふりを して、掃除を しなかった。 — He pretended to be busy and didn't clean.
Grammar 3 / 3: ~ (quality)
Sino-Japanese word (like 具体, 経済) + 的 = a な-adjective meaning “~ in nature, ~-wise”. 的な + noun, 的に + verb, 的だ: 具体的に 話す = to speak specifically.
- Sino-Japanese word + 的 = な-adjective: 〜的 goes after Sino-Japanese words. These are words of Chinese origin, usually two kanji read the “Chinese way” (on'yomi): 具体, 経済, 個人, 基本, 世界. 具体 + 的 → 具体的, meaning “~ in nature, ~-wise”. Native Japanese words like 男 and 秋 can't take 的. Use らしい for those.
- Three ways to use it: 的な + noun: 経済的な ホテル. 的に + verb or adjective: 具体的に 話す, 世界的に 有名だ. 的だ: この 計画は 具体的だ (計画 = plan).
- Common 的 words: 具体的 (specific), 経済的 (economical), 個人的 (personal), 基本的 (basic), 世界的 (worldwide). 個人的には = personally speaking; 基本的に = basically.
- It is not the possessive 's: 的 mostly follows Sino-Japanese words and shows a quality. To show ownership (“my book”), use の: わたしの 本. You can't say わたし的な 本. (In casual speech there is わたし的には, “in my opinion”, but it does not mean ownership.)
- 具体的に 何が 不安なんだ? — Specifically, what are you worried about?
- 経済的な ホテルを 探して いる。 — I'm looking for an affordable, good-value hotel.
- 個人的には、この 店が いちばん 好きだ。 — Personally, I like this shop the best.
- 基本的に、毎朝 七時に 起きる。 — Basically, I get up at seven every morning.
- 富士山は 世界的に 有名だ。 — Mt. Fuji is famous all over the world.