Lesson 130: をはじめ・をきっかけに・をこめて・向き/向け
N3 · Lesson 130 · 18 min — Leading examples, triggers, feelings, and targets: the first draft of a reply to Grandpa
Last lesson you reviewed concession and "N + case particle" patterns. This lesson has four more: をはじめ (a leading example first), をきっかけに (a trigger), をこめて (feelings put in), and 向き/向け (suited to / made for). The first three are "noun + を ~". 向き/向け attaches straight to the noun. Comic first!
After this lesson, you can:
- Use をはじめ to say "starting with ~, and others too"
- Use をきっかけに to say "~ was the trigger, and I started ~"
- Use をこめて to say "doing ~ with all my heart (feelings)"
- Tell 向け (made especially for ~) from 向き (just right for ~)
Grandpa's Reply: First Draft
Piyo's painting got everyone noticing くまや and the big tree. Tonight, Rin spreads out Grandpa's letter in the dorm to write a Japanese reply. (手紙 = letter, 返事 = reply, 下書き = draft)
をはじめ = starting with ~; をきっかけに = triggered by ~; をこめて = with all ~; 向け = made for / 向き = suited to. Next lesson: Rin makes a wish at the shrine.
Words for this lesson: letters, feelings, and tours
- 〜を はじめ(として) (o hajime (to shite)): starting with ~, ~ and others
- 〜を きっかけに(して) (o kikkake ni (shite)): triggered by ~, prompted by ~
- 〜を こめて (o komete): with all ~, putting ~ into it
- 〜向け (-muke): made especially for ~
- 〜向き (-muki): suited to ~
- 手紙 (tegami): letter
- 返事 (henji): reply
- 下書き (shitagaki): draft
- 心 (kokoro): heart
- 気持ち (kimochi): feeling, heartfelt wish
- 感謝 (kansha): thanks, gratitude
- 愛 (ai): love
- 一字ずつ (ichiji zutsu): one character at a time
- 今度 (kondo): this time; next time
- 外国人 (gaikokujin): foreigner
- 留学生 (ryūgakusei): international student
- 初心者 (shoshinsha): beginner
- 番組 (bangumi): (TV, radio) program
- 散歩 (sanpo): walk, stroll
- 日記 (nikki): diary
- 校長先生 (kōchō sensei): school principal
- カード (kādo): card
- ぎょうざ (gyōza): gyoza (dumplings)
- チャーハン (chāhan): fried rice
- メニュー (menyū): menu
Grammar 1 / 4: をはじめ
Noun + をはじめ(として) = "starting with ~, ~ and others": say the most typical one first, then say the others of the same kind are also like that (often with も・や・みんな・たくさん).
- N + をはじめ = name a leader first: Say the most typical, most important one first, then say "the others of the same kind too ~". Example: ラーメンを はじめ、ぎょうざも おいしい。
- "Others" must follow: It means "a group led by ~", so it is usually followed by も・や・みんな・たくさん. You can't use it for just one thing: ✗ ラーメンを はじめ、おいしいです。
- をはじめとして = a bit more formal: Same meaning. It is more common in introductions, news, and speeches: この ラーメンは 東京を はじめとして、大阪や 京都でも 人気が ある。(大阪 = Osaka, 京都 = Kyoto)
- It's はじめ, not はじめて: Don't turn it into the te-form はじめて. ラーメンを 始める = start (selling/making) ramen; はじめて = for the first time; ラーメンを はじめ、~ = starting with ramen.
- ラーメンを はじめ、ぎょうざや チャーハンも おいしいです。 — Starting with ramen, the gyoza and fried rice are good too.
- 谷中は お寺を はじめ、古い ものが たくさん ある 町です。 — Yanaka is a town with many old things, starting with its temples.
- 校長先生を はじめ、先生が みんな 来ました。 — Starting with the principal, all the teachers came.
- この ラーメンは 東京を はじめとして、大阪や 京都でも 人気が あります。 — Starting with Tokyo, this ramen is popular in Osaka and Kyoto too.
- くまたを はじめ、クラスの みんなが 手伝って くれた。 — Starting with Kumata, everyone in class came to help me.
Grammar 2 / 4: をきっかけに
Noun + をきっかけに(して) = "triggered by ~": some event or chance made a person start a new action or change. With a verb, add の to make it a noun: 来たのを きっかけに.
- N + をきっかけに = trigger: Before it is an event or chance. After it is a new action or change that "started" because of it. Example: 留学を きっかけに、料理を 始めた。
- A verb needs の: Verb (mostly the ta-form) + のを きっかけに: 日本へ 来たのを きっかけに... ✗ 来たを きっかけに.
- をきっかけに して = same meaning: Adding して just makes it a fuller form: アニメを きっかけに して、日本語を 始めた。
- Not a plain cause: For "direct causes" like a game canceled by rain or staying home with a cold, use で or ため. をきっかけに is for the starting point of a change in life, habits, or relationships.
- おじいちゃんの 手紙を きっかけに、日本へ 来ました。 — Because of Grandpa's letter, I came to Japan.
- 留学を きっかけに、料理を 始めました。 — Studying abroad got me started on cooking.
- アニメを きっかけに して、日本語の 勉強を 始めた。 — An anime got me started on learning Japanese.
- 日本へ 来たのを きっかけに、日記を 書き始めました。 — Coming to Japan was the trigger. I started keeping a diary.
- ボランティアを きっかけに、町の 人と 友だちに なった。 — Through volunteering, I became friends with people in town.
Grammar 3 / 4: をこめて
Noun + をこめて = "with all ~, putting ~ into it": you put unseen feelings like heart, care, thanks, or love into actions like writing a letter, cooking, or giving a gift. Before a noun, say をこめた + noun.
- Feeling + をこめて = put feeling in: Before it come feelings like 心・気持ち・感謝・愛. After it come actions like writing, making, singing, or giving.
- Before a noun: をこめた + N: To describe a noun directly, use the ta-form: 心を こめた 料理 = a dish made with heart.
- Not for things you can see: For things that really go in, like 砂糖 (sugar) or 水 (water), use 入れる: 砂糖を 入れて ケーキを 作る。
- Common set phrases: 心を こめて (with all my heart), 愛を こめて (with love, often written at the end of cards and letters).
- 心を こめて、一字ずつ 書きます。 — I'll write each character with all my heart.
- 感謝の 気持ちを こめて、ケーキを 作りました。 — I made the cake with gratitude.
- 心を こめて 作った ラーメンは おいしい。 — Ramen made with heart tastes great.
- 気持ちを こめた 手紙を もらいました。 — I received a letter full of heartfelt feeling.
- カードの さいごに「愛を こめて」と 書いた。 — I wrote "with love" at the end of the card.
Grammar 4 / 4: 向き/向け
Noun + 向け = "made or released for ~" (the maker aimed at a target from the start); noun + 向き = "suited to ~" (you see it and it just fits). Both attach straight to the noun: 子ども向けの 番組、初心者向きの 本.
- N + 向け = designed for ~: The maker decided on the target (people, market, region) from the start: 外国人向けの ツアー、子ども向けの 番組.
- N + 向き = (just) right for ~: You look at it and it seems to fit: 散歩向きの 町、初心者向きの 本. The negative is 子ども向きでは ありません. Tip: to say "make (作る) it on purpose for certain people", 向けに sounds more natural.
- How to connect: It attaches straight to the noun, with no の and no を before it (✗ 子どもの 向け). Before a noun: 〜向けの/向きの + N. Before a verb: 〜向けに + V. At the end: 〜向けです/向きです.
- 向き has another meaning: 向き can also mean "direction (facing)". You'll learn that later. For now, just remember "suited to ~".
- 外国人向けの ツアーを 作りたいです。 — I want to make a tour made for foreigners.
- これは 子ども向けの 番組です。 — This is a program made for children.
- この 本は 初心者向きです。 — This book is good for beginners.
- 谷中は 散歩向きの 町です。 — Yanaka is a town that's great for walks.
- 留学生向けに、やさしい 地図を 作りました。 — I made a simple, easy-to-read map for international students.