塗る（ぬる）Conjugation
JLPT N4 · Godan verb (Group 1) · Meaning: to paint / apply
Full conjugation table
| Form | Japanese | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary form The base form — casual speech and the stem for many grammar patterns. | 塗る | ぬる |
| masu (polite present) Polite present/future affirmative. | 塗ります | ぬります |
| masen (polite negative) Polite present negative. | 塗りません | ぬりません |
| mashita (polite past) Polite past affirmative. | 塗りました | ぬりました |
| masen deshita (polite past neg.) Polite past negative. | 塗りませんでした | ぬりませんでした |
| te-form The most versatile form — linking, requests, progressive and more. | 塗って | ぬって |
| ta (plain past) Plain past affirmative. | 塗った | ぬった |
| nai (plain negative) Plain present negative. | 塗らない | ぬらない |
| nakatta (plain past neg.) Plain past negative. | 塗らなかった | ぬらなかった |
| Potential Ability or possibility — 'can do'. | 塗れる | ぬれる |
| Passive Passive voice — 'to be done to'. | 塗られる | ぬられる |
| Causative Causative — 'to make/let someone do'. | 塗らせる | ぬらせる |
| Volitional Volitional — 'let's…' or intention. | 塗ろう | ぬろう |
| Imperative Imperative — a strong command; used sparingly. | 塗れ | ぬれ |
| Prohibitive Prohibitive — 'don't do it!'. | 塗るな | ぬるな |
| Conditional (ba) Hypothetical 'if' — leans written. | 塗れば | ぬれば |
| Conditional (tara) The most versatile everyday 'if / when'. | 塗ったら | ぬったら |
Example sentences
- パンにバターを塗る。 — I spread butter on the bread.
- 壁を白いペンキで塗る。 — I paint the wall white.