悩む（なやむ）Conjugation
JLPT N4 · Godan verb (Group 1) · Meaning: to worry / agonize
Full conjugation table
| Form | Japanese | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary form The base form — casual speech and the stem for many grammar patterns. | 悩む | なやむ |
| masu (polite present) Polite present/future affirmative. | 悩みます | なやみます |
| masen (polite negative) Polite present negative. | 悩みません | なやみません |
| mashita (polite past) Polite past affirmative. | 悩みました | なやみました |
| masen deshita (polite past neg.) Polite past negative. | 悩みませんでした | なやみませんでした |
| te-form The most versatile form — linking, requests, progressive and more. | 悩んで | なやんで |
| ta (plain past) Plain past affirmative. | 悩んだ | なやんだ |
| nai (plain negative) Plain present negative. | 悩まない | なやまない |
| nakatta (plain past neg.) Plain past negative. | 悩まなかった | なやまなかった |
| Potential Ability or possibility — 'can do'. | 悩める | なやめる |
| Passive Passive voice — 'to be done to'. | 悩まれる | なやまれる |
| Causative Causative — 'to make/let someone do'. | 悩ませる | なやませる |
| Volitional Volitional — 'let's…' or intention. | 悩もう | なやもう |
| Imperative Imperative — a strong command; used sparingly. | 悩め | なやめ |
| Prohibitive Prohibitive — 'don't do it!'. | 悩むな | なやむな |
| Conditional (ba) Hypothetical 'if' — leans written. | 悩めば | なやめば |
| Conditional (tara) The most versatile everyday 'if / when'. | 悩んだら | なやんだら |
Example sentences
- 将来のことで、ずっと悩んでいる。 — I've been worrying about my future for a long time.
- 一人で悩まず、だれかに相談する。 — Don't worry alone—talk to someone about it.