戸惑う(とまどう)Conjugation

JLPT N4 · Godan verb (Group 1) · Meaning: to be confused/perplexed

Full conjugation table

FormJapaneseReading
Dictionary form
The base form — casual speech and the stem for many grammar patterns.
戸惑うとまどう
masu (polite present)
Polite present/future affirmative.
戸惑いますとまどいます
masen (polite negative)
Polite present negative.
戸惑いませんとまどいません
mashita (polite past)
Polite past affirmative.
戸惑いましたとまどいました
masen deshita (polite past neg.)
Polite past negative.
戸惑いませんでしたとまどいませんでした
te-form
The most versatile form — linking, requests, progressive and more.
戸惑ってとまどって
ta (plain past)
Plain past affirmative.
戸惑ったとまどった
nai (plain negative)
Plain present negative.
戸惑わないとまどわない
nakatta (plain past neg.)
Plain past negative.
戸惑わなかったとまどわなかった
Potential
Ability or possibility — 'can do'.
戸惑えるとまどえる
Passive
Passive voice — 'to be done to'.
戸惑われるとまどわれる
Causative
Causative — 'to make/let someone do'.
戸惑わせるとまどわせる
Volitional
Volitional — 'let's…' or intention.
戸惑おうとまどおう
Imperative
Imperative — a strong command; used sparingly.
戸惑えとまどえ
Prohibitive
Prohibitive — 'don't do it!'.
戸惑うなとまどうな
Conditional (ba)
Hypothetical 'if' — leans written.
戸惑えばとまどえば
Conditional (tara)
The most versatile everyday 'if / when'.
戸惑ったらとまどったら

Example sentences

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