来る(くる)Conjugation
JLPT N5 · Irregular verb (kuru) · Meaning: to come
Full conjugation table
| Form | Japanese | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary form The base form — casual speech and the stem for many grammar patterns. | 来る | くる |
| masu (polite present) Polite present/future affirmative. | 来ます | きます |
| masen (polite negative) Polite present negative. | 来ません | きません |
| mashita (polite past) Polite past affirmative. | 来ました | きました |
| masen deshita (polite past neg.) Polite past negative. | 来ませんでした | きませんでした |
| te-form The most versatile form — linking, requests, progressive and more. | 来て | きて |
| ta (plain past) Plain past affirmative. | 来た | きた |
| nai (plain negative) Plain present negative. | 来ない | こない |
| nakatta (plain past neg.) Plain past negative. | 来なかった | こなかった |
| Potential Ability or possibility — 'can do'. | 来られる | こられる |
| Passive Passive voice — 'to be done to'. | 来られる | こられる |
| Causative Causative — 'to make/let someone do'. | 来させる | こさせる |
| Volitional Volitional — 'let's…' or intention. | 来よう | こよう |
| Imperative Imperative — a strong command; used sparingly. | 来い | こい |
| Prohibitive Prohibitive — 'don't do it!'. | 来るな | くるな |
| Conditional (ba) Hypothetical 'if' — leans written. | 来れば | くれば |
| Conditional (tara) The most versatile everyday 'if / when'. | 来たら | きたら |
Example sentences
- 明日、友達が家に遊びに来る。 — Tomorrow a friend is coming over to my house.
- バスがなかなか来なくて困った。 — I was in trouble because the bus just wouldn't come.
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