閉める（しめる）Conjugation
JLPT N5 · Ichidan verb (Group 2) · Meaning: to close
Full conjugation table
| Form | Japanese | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary form The base form — casual speech and the stem for many grammar patterns. | 閉める | しめる |
| masu (polite present) Polite present/future affirmative. | 閉めます | しめます |
| masen (polite negative) Polite present negative. | 閉めません | しめません |
| mashita (polite past) Polite past affirmative. | 閉めました | しめました |
| masen deshita (polite past neg.) Polite past negative. | 閉めませんでした | しめませんでした |
| te-form The most versatile form — linking, requests, progressive and more. | 閉めて | しめて |
| ta (plain past) Plain past affirmative. | 閉めた | しめた |
| nai (plain negative) Plain present negative. | 閉めない | しめない |
| nakatta (plain past neg.) Plain past negative. | 閉めなかった | しめなかった |
| Potential Ability or possibility — 'can do'. | 閉められる | しめられる |
| Passive Passive voice — 'to be done to'. | 閉められる | しめられる |
| Causative Causative — 'to make/let someone do'. | 閉めさせる | しめさせる |
| Volitional Volitional — 'let's…' or intention. | 閉めよう | しめよう |
| Imperative Imperative — a strong command; used sparingly. | 閉めろ | しめろ |
| Prohibitive Prohibitive — 'don't do it!'. | 閉めるな | しめるな |
| Conditional (ba) Hypothetical 'if' — leans written. | 閉めれば | しめれば |
| Conditional (tara) The most versatile everyday 'if / when'. | 閉めたら | しめたら |
Example sentences
- 寒いので、そっとドアを閉めた。 — It was cold, so I gently closed the door.
- この店は夜九時に閉める。 — This store closes at nine at night.
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