“kossori・hisoka ni”: Secretly / Quietly / Inwardly [JLPT N1]
By Nihongo to Japan · Updated July 3, 2026
Adverbs for doing something secretly, without others knowing
“kossori・hisoka ni”: Secretly / In Secret / Inwardly
「こっそり」 and 「ひそかに」 are adverbs for doing something without letting others know, secretly. こっそり = secretly (concrete small actions): 「親に隠れてこっそりお菓子を食べた」 (snuck a snack hidden from the parents); ひそかに = in secret, privately (more written, also inwardly): 「ひそかに計画を進める」 (advance the plan in secret), 「ひそかに彼を尊敬している」 (secretly respects him).
🧠 Core nuance: proceeding without being noticed
Both mean quietly, out of sight: こっそり is more for concrete sneaky actions (sneak out, sneak a bite, peek), colloquial and vivid; ひそかに is more written and dignified, covering both acting in secret (a covert plan) and often inwardly, quietly in one's heart (secretly hope, secretly resolve, secretly admire) — this “inward” layer is something こっそり lacks. Both are the opposite of “openly.”
📌 How to Connect
| Adverb | Nuance | Example |
|---|---|---|
| こっそり + verb | secretly (concrete action) | こっそり抜け出す |
| ひそかに + verb | in secret (written) / inwardly | ひそかに決意する |
| (inward) ひそかに | secretly (hope/admire) | ひそかに期待する |
💬 Example Sentences
- 子供たちは、親に隠れてこっそりお菓子を食べた。(The kids snuck a snack hidden from their parents.) — sneaky action
- 彼は、会議の途中でこっそり抜け出した。(He slipped out quietly partway through the meeting.) — sneak out
- 政府は、ひそかにその計画を進めていた。(The government was advancing the plan in secret.) — covertly
- 彼女は、ひそかに彼を尊敬していた。(She secretly respected him.) — inwardly
- 私はひそかに、いつか海外で働くことを決意していた。(I had secretly resolved to work abroad one day.) — inner resolve
🔄 Compare: こっそり vs ひそかに vs こそこそ vs 黙って
| Expression | Nuance | Example |
|---|---|---|
| こっそり | “secretly” (concrete action, colloquial, neutral) | こっそり食べる |
| ひそかに | “in secret / inwardly” (written) | ひそかに期待 |
| こそこそ | “furtively” (sneaky, negative) | こそこそ動く |
| 黙って | “without a word, on one's own” | 黙って使う |
⚠️ Common Mistakes
- こっそり for inner feelings: “secretly respect/hope” uses ひそかに (inward); こっそり is mostly concrete actions.
- Contradictory pairing: ✗ こっそり大声で叫ぶ (secret + loud is contradictory).
- The negativity of こそこそ: こそこそ is negative (furtive); a neutral “secretly” uses こっそり.
- Adding を/だ: adverbs modify the verb directly (こっそり食べる).
💡 Nuance & When to Use
こっそり・ひそかに both mean doing something without others knowing: こっそり is the colloquial, neutral “secretly,” mostly concrete actions (sneak out, sneak a bite, peek); ひそかに is more written, covering both acting in secret (a covert plan) and inwardly (secretly hope, admire, resolve) — which こっそり lacks. For a negative “furtively,” use こそこそ. Master “こっそり (concrete action) vs ひそかに (inward/written).” N1 (nuance).
🎯 JLPT Exam Tips
- Commonly tested at N1: こっそり (secretly, concrete action) vs ひそかに (in secret / inwardly, written).
- Inner feelings: secretly hope/admire uses ひそかに.
- Distinction: こっそり (neutral) vs こそこそ (negative, furtive).
🖊️ 練習題(5題)
Q1. 「子供たちは、親に隠れて___お菓子を食べた。」(偷偷地)
(A) こっそり (B) きちんと (C) しっかり (D) はっきり
Q2. 「彼を___尊敬している。」(暗自,內心)
(A) ひそかに (B) こっそり(具體動作向き) (C) わざと (D) うっかり
Q3. 「こっそり抜け出す」の意味は?
(A) 偷偷地溜出去
(B) 大方地離開
(C) 不離開
(D) 被趕出去
Q4. 「ひそかに」の語感は?
(A) 暗中/私下(書面,也指內心暗自)
(B) 公開地
(C) 大聲地
(D) 故意地
Q5. 用法が自然なのは?
(A) ひそかに計画を進める。 (B) ひそかにを食べる。
(C) こっそりだ高い。 (D) こっそり大声で叫ぶ(矛盾)。
答案解析
1. (A) こっそり ── 偷偷地吃零食。
2. (A) ひそかに ── 暗自尊敬(內心)。
3. (A) ── 偷偷地溜出去。
4. (A) ── 暗中/私下(書面)。
5. (A) ── 「ひそかに計画を進める」正確。