“〜hazu ga nai”: It Can't Possibly Be 〜 (a logical impossibility) [JLPT N3]
Content by NTJ Kuma · Nihongo to Japan editorial team · Updated July 27, 2026
「失敗するはずがない」 — “there's no way,” reasoned out (and how it differs from わけがない).
「努力してきた、失敗するはずがない」 — 「はずがない」, logically “can't possibly”
「彼女はずっと努力してきた。失敗するはずがない」 (she's worked hard all along; she can't possibly fail) — 「(plain form) + はずがない」 means “(by reason) can't be ~, definitely won't ~,” inferring from logic and common sense that “this makes no sense.” It's the negative of 「はずだ (should)」. This guide covers 「はずがない」's attachment, that “flat denial” feel, and how it differs from the similar 「わけがない」.
Core: by reason, this can't possibly be
「はずがない」 = “(by reason) can't be ~, definitely won't ~,” ruling it out by logic and common sense:
- Logical denial: 正直な彼が嘘をつくはずがない (honest as he is, he can't possibly lie).
- Strong negative inference: そんなに簡単なはずがない (it can't be that easy).
Attachment: plain form + はずがない (na-adj 〜な + はず, noun 〜の + はず). Colloquially often 「はずない」.
How to Connect
| Form | Attachment | Example |
|---|---|---|
| verb/i-adj + はずがない | infer it's impossible | 失敗するはずがない (there's no way they'd fail) |
| na-adj 〜な + はずがない | na-adjective | 簡単なはずがない (there's no way it's easy) |
| noun 〜の + はずがない | noun | 本物のはずがない (there's no way it's genuine) |
實用例句
- 彼女はずっと練習してきた。失敗するはずがない。(She's practiced all along; she can't possibly fail.) — logical denial
- 10時に出発したなら、まだ着いていないはずがない。(If they left at 10, there's no way they haven't arrived.) — inference
- そんなこと、あるはずがない!彼を信じてる。(There's no way that's true! I believe him.) — strong denial
- 昨日会ったばかりなのに、忘れるはずがない。(We just met yesterday — there's no way I'd forget.) — common sense
- 彼が犯人のはずがない。ずっと一緒にいた。(He can't possibly be the culprit — he was with me the whole time.) — assertion
⚠️ Common mistakes to avoid
① Don't reverse the polarity. はずだ = should (be); はずがない = can't be, by reason (definitely not). 来るはずだ (should come) ↔ 来るはずがない (can't possibly come). One 「がない」 flips the meaning.
② 「はずがない」 (logically impossible) vs 「わけがない」 (impossible by reason/sense, more colloquial and forceful). Very close (both “impossible”), but はずがない leans “inferred from reason, facts” (objective logic); わけがない leans “by reason/common sense, absolutely impossible” (more subjective, colloquial, stronger). Mostly interchangeable; わけがない is more forceful.
③ Colloquially contracts to 「はずない」. Casual speech often drops が: 「〜はずない」 (そんなのあるはずない = no way that exists). Writing/formal uses the full 「はずがない」.
🔄 Compare with similar forms: はずがない/わけがない/ないだろう
| Form | Nuance | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜はずがない | can't be, by reason (logical inference) | 失敗するはずがない (there's no way they'd fail) |
| 〜わけがない | absolutely can't be (by sense, colloquial strong) | 失敗するわけがない (no way it could fail) |
| 〜ないだろう | probably won't (guess) | 失敗しないだろう |
💡 Quick takeaway
「はずがない」 is the negative of 「はずだ (should)」 — ruling out “this can't possibly be” by reason and facts (努力してきた彼が失敗するはずがない = as hard as he's worked, he can't possibly fail). It carries “I have grounds to be sure it's impossible,” far stronger than 「〜ないだろう (probably won't)」. Vs the similar 「わけがない」: both are “impossible,” but はずがない leans objective logical inference, わけがない leans absolutely-impossible-by-sense (stronger, more colloquial), mostly interchangeable. Colloquially it contracts to 「はずない」 (そんなことあるはずない). The opposite 「はずだ (should)」 has its own 〈はず〉 guide. For a flat “no way,” はずがない/わけがない are most forceful.
❓ FAQ
Q: How do I tell 「はずがない」 from 「わけがない」?
Very close (both “(by reason) impossible, definitely won't”), differing in feel and strength. 「はずがない」 = inferring “impossible” from reason/facts (leans objective logic): 10時に出たなら、着いていないはずがない (if they left at 10, there's no way they haven't arrived — reasoning from time). 「わけがない」 = “absolutely impossible” by reason/common sense (more subjective, colloquial, stronger): あの真面目な彼が、サボるわけがない (serious as he is, there's no way he'd skip out — makes no sense, forceful). Mostly interchangeable, but わけがない is stronger, more emotional (“no way!”). For objective inference use はずがない, for forceful assertion use わけがない.
Q: What's the relationship between 「はずがない」 and 「はずだ」?
They're a polar pair. 「はずだ」 = should (be), by reason: 彼は来るはずだ (he should come — inferring he will). 「はずがない」 = can't be, by reason (definitely won't): 彼は来るはずがない (he can't possibly come — inferring he won't). One 「がない」 flips the meaning entirely. So: infer “should…” → はずだ, infer “can't possibly…” → はずがない. Note the difference from 「〜ないはずだ (should not…)」 — 彼は来ないはずだ (he should not come, inferring “won't”) vs 彼は来るはずがない (he can't possibly come, denying the possibility of “will”); slightly different tone, はずがない being more flat-out.
🖊️ Practice Questions (5)
Q1. 「10時に出発したなら、もう着いている___。」 (by calculation from the plan, should have arrived)
(A) はずがない (B) はずだ (C) わけがない (D) らしい
Q2. 「彼女はずっと練習してきた。失敗する___。」 (logically can't fail)
(A) はずだ (B) はずがない (C) そうだ (D) ようだ
Q3. 「そんなことが___!あの人はそんな人じゃない!」 (strong emotion: how could that be!)
(A) あるはずだ (B) あるはずがない (C) あるわけがない (D) あるべきだ
Q4. 「昨日会ったばかりなのに、彼のことを忘れる___。」 (just met yesterday, no way I'd forget — logical negation)
(A) はずだ (B) わけがない (C) はずがない (D) べきだ
Q5. 「彼は正直な___だ。嘘をつかないと思う。」 (he ought to be an honest person)
(A) わけ (B) はず (C) べき (D) もの
Answer Explanations
1. (B) はずだ ── departed at 10:00, so by calculation they should have arrived by now → はずだ (positive logical inference).
2. (B) はずがない ── 「ずっと練習してきた (has been practicing all along)」 = the logical basis, certain she can't fail → はずがない.
3. (C) わけがない ── 「!(exclamation)」 + strong emotional denial → わけがない has more emotional force. (はずがない also works, but わけがない is stronger.)
4. (C) はずがない ── 「昨日会ったばかり (just met yesterday)」 = a logical basis, certain there's no way I'd forget → はずがない.
5. (B) はず ── 「彼は正直なはずだ」 = by reason he ought to be honest (an inference based on what you know). Noun takes はず: 正直 (な-adjective) + な + はず.