“〜kara〜made”: From 〜 to 〜 (time, space, range) [JLPT N5]

Content by NTJ Kuma · Nihongo to Japan editorial team · Updated July 27, 2026

9時から5時まで・東京から大阪まで — all the uses of から and まで, an N5 basic.

Say only 「9時から」 and you've told half the story

「から」 and 「まで」 are among the first words learners pick up — and the ones they most often use only half of. Many remember 「から = from」, say 「9時から」, and stop, forgetting to close the range with 「5時まで」 — it sounds like a half-finished sentence. This pair isn't just for time: 東京から大阪まで is space, 一課から三課まで is a range. Use them as a set and your sentences instantly have a clear start and end.

から = start, まで = end — use them as a pair

Often paired as 〜から〜まで = from… to…, for time, space, or range (9時から5時まで, 東京から大阪まで, 子供から大人まで).

How to Connect

FormUseExample
〜からstart (from)9時から
〜までend (to)5時まで
〜から〜までfrom ~ to ~東京から大阪まで
〜までにdeadline (by)明日までに

Examples in use

⚠️ Where learners slip up: まで vs までに

This is the most-tested, most-missed point:

One is “up until,” the other “no later than.” Also, 「から」 can mean “because” (眠いから寝る) — tell it from “from” by whether a time noun (start) or a clause (reason) precedes it.

🔄 Compare: まで / までに / から (start vs reason)

FormUseExample
〜までcontinuous (up until)5時まで働く
〜までにdeadline (by)5時までに終わる (finishes by five)
〜から (start)from ~9時から
〜から (reason)because ~眠いから

💡 The one thing to remember

から・まで themselves are easy; the real divide is まで vs までに — that one syllable is tested every year and slipped daily. Hold one image: まで is the line you keep going up to (5時まで働く — working the whole stretch); までに is the cutoff you can't pass (5時までに出す — hand it in anytime before). Keep that picture and you won't turn “work until 5” into “work before 5.”

❓ FAQ

Q: What's the real difference between 「5時まで」 and 「5時までに」?

「5時まで働く」 = work continuously up until 5 (ongoing); 「5時までに出す」 = hand it in by 5 (a deadline — any time before 5 is fine). Ongoing vs cutoff.

Q: How do I tell whether 「から」 means “from” or “because”?

Look at what precedes it: a time/place noun → start “from” (9時から, 駅から); a full clause (adjective/verb) → reason “because” (眠いから, 高いから).

🖊️ Practice Questions (5)

Q1. 「学校は9時___3時___です。」 (School runs from 9:00 to 3:00) Which fits the blanks?

(A) まで・から (B) から・まで (C) に・まで (D) から・に

Q2. 「宿題は明日___提出してください。」 (Please hand in the homework by tomorrow) Which fits the blank?

(A) まで (B) までに (C) から (D) からに

Q3. 「東京___大阪___新幹線で2時間です。」 Which fits the blanks?

(A) まで・から (B) から・まで (C) に・から (D) で・に

Q4. 「眠い___、早く寝ます。」 What kind of usage is this 「から」?

(A) starting point (from) (B) reason (because) (C) direction (toward) (D) range (to)

Q5. 「子供___大人___楽しめるイベントです。」 (An event everyone from children to adults can enjoy) Which fits the blanks?

(A) に・まで (B) から・まで (C) まで・から (D) から・に


Answer Explanations

1. (B) から・まで ── 9時から3時まで = from 9:00 to 3:00. Use から for the starting point and まで for the end point.

2. (B) までに ── 「明日までに提出」 = submit by tomorrow (までに for a deadline). まで means "continuing until".

3. (B) から・まで ── 東京から大阪まで = from Tokyo to Osaka (a spatial range).

4. (B) reason ── 「眠い(adjective)から」 = because (I'm) sleepy. から after an adjective/verb = because.

5. (B) から・まで ── 子供から大人まで = from children to adults (an age range).

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