“〜ppanashi”: Left 〜 / Kept 〜-ing (an unattended, uncorrected state) [JLPT N2]

By Nihongo to Japan · Updated July 3, 2026

Doing something and leaving it in that state

“〜ppanashi”: Left 〜 / Kept On 〜-ing (an unattended state)

「verb ます-stem + っぱなし」 means “after doing an action, leaving it in that state (without finishing/dealing with it).” E.g. 「水を出しっぱなしにする」 (leave the water running), 「窓を開けっぱなし(the window left open). It often carries a negative tone: something that should've been turned off/put away wasn't — a state of neglect.

🧠 Core nuance: leaving something unfinished, unattended

The core is “the action was done, but the state is left hanging”: turned on but not off, standing the whole time, left out — usually implying the oversight or helplessness of “should've wrapped it up but didn't.” っぱなし derives from 放す (はなす), with a “let it be, leave it alone” flavor. So it's often used for reminders and complaints (電気つけっぱなしだよ = the light's been left on). It can also neutrally describe a continuing state (立ちっぱなし = standing the whole time).

📌 How to Connect

FormPatternExample
verb ます-stem + っぱなします-stem + っぱなししっぱなし
っぱなしにする/だkeep it in that state開けっぱなしにする
Commonつけ/出し/立ち/開け + っぱなし立ちっぱなし

💬 Example Sentences

🔄 Compare: っぱなし vs ている vs たまま vs ておく

ExpressionNuanceExample
〜っぱなしleft unattended (often negative, not wrapped up)開けっぱなし
〜ているplain continuing state (neutral)開いている
〜たまま“left in the 〜 state (just as is)” (neutral)開けたまま
〜ておく“(deliberately) do in advance and leave” (purposeful)開けておく

⚠️ Common Mistakes

  1. Attaching dict./て/た-form: ✗ 出すっぱなし/出してっぱなし → ✓ 出しっぱなし (ます-stem).
  2. Spelling: it's っぱなし (small っ + ぱ), not ぱなし or っはなし.
  3. Confusing it with たまま: use っぱなし for neglect (negative); たまま for a plain maintained state (neutral).
  4. Misusing it for purposeful leaving: deliberately leaving for a purpose is ておく; っぱなし is failing to wrap up.

💡 Nuance & When to Use

っぱなし describes “did something and left it hanging, unattended” — reminders (the light's left on), complaints (clothes left off everywhere), or describing tiring continuation (standing the whole time), often with the negative tone of “should've wrapped it up but didn't.” Very common in casual speech. Keep it distinct from neutral たまま・ている and purposeful ておく. A must at N2.

🎯 JLPT Exam Tips

🖊️ 練習題(5題)

Q1. 「水を出___で、歯を磨いてはいけない。」(一直開著水)

(A) しっぱなし (B) すっぱなし (C) してっぱなし (D) すぱなし

Q2. 「っぱなし」の前に来る動詞の形は?

(A) ます形語幹 (B) 辭書形 (C) ない形 (D) た形

Q3. 「窓を開けっぱなしにする」の意味は?

(A) 把窗戶一直開著(放置不管)

(B) 馬上關窗

(C) 從不開窗

(D) 修窗戶

Q4. 「っぱなし」の語感は?

(A) 放著不管/一直〜(常帶負面,該收拾卻沒)

(B) 中性的保持狀態

(C) 表示逆接

(D) 表示條件

Q5. 接法が正しいのは?

(A) 立ちっぱなしで疲れた。 (B) 立つっぱなし。

(C) 立ってっぱなし。 (D) 立ったっぱなし。


答案解析

1. (A) しっぱなし ── 出し(ます形語幹)+っぱなし。

2. (A) ます形語幹 ── ます形語幹+っぱなし。

3. (A) ── 窗戶一直開著(放置)。

4. (A) ── 放置不管/一直〜(常負面)。

5. (A) ── 立ち+っぱなし。