“〜ni oujite・ni oujita”: According to / In Response to 〜 (adjusting to change) [JLPT N2]
By Nihongo to Japan · Updated July 3, 2026
“respond according to the situation,” “production geared to demand” — adjusting to a changing situation, need, or degree
“〜ni oujite・ni oujita”: According to / In Response to 〜 (adjusting to change)
「noun + に応(おう)じて/に応じた」 means “according to 〜, in keeping with 〜, in response to 〜” — the latter adjusts correspondingly to the change or situation of the first. E.g. 「状況に応じて対応する」 (respond according to the situation), 「収入に応じて税金を払う」 (pay tax according to income). To modify a noun, use 「に応じた」 (需要に応じたサービス = service geared to needs). It's preceded by something variable (situation, demand, income, season).
🧠 Core nuance: as the first changes, the latter adjusts to match
The core is adjusting correspondingly to the first: the first is a variable condition or situation (situation, demand, ability, season, income), and the latter matches and adjusts with it into something corresponding (change the menu with the season, tax by income, produce to demand). に応じて carries a sense of “corresponding, matching, proportional.” Close to によって (according to / varying with), but it stresses more “flexibly adjusting to that change.”
📌 How to Connect
| Form | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| noun + に応じて | according to / in keeping with 〜 | 状況に応じて |
| noun + に応じた + noun | a 〜 geared to 〜 | 予算に応じたプラン |
| (preceded by something variable) | situation/demand/income | 需要に応じて |
💬 Example Sentences
- その時の状況に応じて、臨機応変に対応する。(Respond flexibly according to the situation at the time.) — according to the situation
- このレストランは、季節に応じてメニューを変える。(This restaurant changes its menu to match the season.) — matching change
- 収入に応じて、納める税金の額が決まる。(The tax to pay is set according to income.) — proportional
- お客様のご予算に応じたプランをご提案します。(We'll propose a plan geared to your budget.) — に応じた modifying a noun
- 需要に応じて生産量を調整する。(Adjust production according to demand.) — according to demand
🔄 Compare: に応じて vs によって vs に従って vs 次第で
| Expression | Nuance | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜に応じて | “flexibly adjusting to 〜” (corresponding to change) | 状況に応じて変える |
| 〜によって | “varying with / by means of 〜” (difference/means) | 人によって違う |
| 〜に従って | “as / in accordance with 〜” (order/rule) | 進むに従って |
| 〜次第で | “depending on 〜” (outcome decided by 〜) | 努力次第で |
⚠️ Common Mistakes
- に応じて to modify a noun: ✗ 状況に応じてのサービス → use 「に応じた」 to modify a noun (状況に応じたサービス).
- Preceded by a variable noun: に応じて is preceded by variable things like situation, demand; fixed, unchanging things fit less.
- Particle: noun + に応じて (✗ 状況応じて, need に).
- Confusing with によって: に応じて = adjusting to match; によって = varying with / means.
💡 Nuance & When to Use
に応じて・に応じた mean “according to 〜, in keeping with 〜, in response to 〜,” where the latter adjusts correspondingly to the change or situation of the first (change the menu with the season, tax by income, produce to demand, propose to budget). It's preceded by something variable (situation, demand, ability, season). It carries a sense of “corresponding, matching, proportional,” leaning formal and written, common for describing services, systems, and responses. To modify a noun, use に応じた. Distinguish from によって (varies with). A must at N2.
🎯 JLPT Exam Tips
- High-frequency N2: noun + に応じて = according to / in keeping with 〜; use に応じた to modify a noun.
- Connection: preceded by a variable noun; uses に.
- Distinction: に応じて (adjusting to match) vs によって (varies with/means) vs に従って (in accordance with).
🖊️ 練習題(5題)
Q1. 「季節___、メニューを変える。」(配合季節更換菜單)
(A) に応じて (B) において (C) にかけて (D) につき
Q2. 「予算___プランをご提案します。」(依預算提案)填入修飾名詞的形式?
(A) に応じた (B) に応じて (C) に応じ (D) に応じるの
Q3. 「収入に応じて税金を払う」の意味は?
(A) 依收入多寡繳相應的稅
(B) 不管收入都繳一樣的稅
(C) 收入越高稅越少
(D) 不必繳稅
Q4. 「に応じて」の語感として正しいのは?
(A) 配合/因應前項而做相應的變化
(B) 與前項無關
(C) 表示原因理由
(D) 表示逆接
Q5. 接法が正しいのは?
(A) 状況に応じて対応する。 (B) 状況に応じてのサービス。
(C) 状況に応じる判断(修飾名詞)。 (D) 状況応じて変える。
答案解析
1. (A) に応じて ── 配合季節而變(對應變化)。
2. (A) に応じた ── 修飾名詞「プラン」用に応じた。
3. (A) ── 依收入繳相應的稅。
4. (A) ── 配合前項做相應變化。
5. (A) ── 修飾名詞用「に応じた」,(B)(C)(D) 接法錯。