“〜shika nai”: Only (Limitation + Negation) [JLPT N5]

Content by NTJ Kuma · Nihongo to Japan editorial team · Updated July 27, 2026

「500円しかない」 — “only,” always with a negative and a hint of “not enough.”

「しか」 is always followed by a negative — yet it means “only”

お金が500円しかない」 — what follows 「しか」 is a negative (ない), yet the sentence means “I have only 500 yen.” This is one of N5's most counterintuitive points: しか always pairs with a negative, and together they mean “only ~ (nothing else),” often with a “not enough / regret” feel. This guide locks in the fixed 「しか + negative」 pairing and separates it from 「だけ」.

Core: しか + negative = only

「しか」 always appears with a negative (ない/ません…), meaning “only ~ / nothing but ~”:

が・を are replaced by しか (100円しかない); に・で etc. go before it (ここでしか).

How to Connect

PrecedesAttachmentExample
nounnoun + しか + negative500円しかない (only 500 yen)
verbdictionary form + しか + negative行くしかない (no choice but to go)
particleに/で + しかここでしか

Example sentences

⚠️ Easy traps to avoid

しか always pairs with a negative. ✗ 100円しかある → 100円しかない. English “only” is affirmative, but Japanese しか is always followed by a negative — the top error.

Different tone from だけ. しか〜ない carries “not enough / a pity” (500円しかない = only 500, not enough); だけ is a neutral “only/just” (500円だけ = just 500, no regret).

「verb + しかない」 = no choice. 行くしかない (have no choice but to go / must go) — a very common expression.

🔄 Compare: しか〜ない / だけ / ばかり

FormNuanceExample
〜しか + negativeonly (with “not enough”)500円しかない (only 500 yen)
〜だけonly / just (neutral)500円だけ
〜ばかりnothing but / always (excessive)遊んでばかり

💡 How to remember this

What trips people up about 「しか」 is that it means “only” yet demands a negative. Remember one line: see しか, and the sentence ends in a negative (しかない・しかありません…). In feel, しか〜ない carries a hint of “this is all there is — a bit of a pity”; for a neutral “only,” use だけ. Also learn the handy 「行くしかない (no choice but to go)」.

❓ FAQ

Q: 「500円しかない」 vs 「500円だけある」?

Both mean “only 500,” but the tone differs: 「しかない」 carries regret (“just 500 — not enough…”); 「だけある」 is neutral (“there's just 500”). To stress “not enough / a pity,” use しか; for a plain “only,” use だけ.

Q: What does 「行くしかない」 mean?

dictionary form + しかない = “nothing to do but ~ / no choice” (行くしかない = have to go). A common extended use of しかない.

🖊️ Practice Quiz

Q1. 「お金が500円___ありません。」(only 500 yen) Which is correct?

(A) だけ (B) しか (C) ばかり (D) まで

Q2.財布に100円___ない。」(only 100 yen in the wallet) Fill the blank.

(A) だけ (B) しか (C) でも (D) も

Q3. Which sentence is correct?

(A) 100円しかある。

(B) 100円しかない。

(C) 100円だけない。

(D) 100円しかあります。

Q4. 「このチケットはここ___売っていない。」(only sold here) Which is correct?

(A) だけに (B) しか (C) でも (D) まで

Q5. What's the difference between 「しか〜ない」 and 「だけ」?

(A) identical

(B) しか〜ない always pairs with a negative and often carries ‘not enough, regret'; だけ is neutral

(C) だけ pairs with a negative

(D) しか pairs with an affirmative


Answer Key

1. (B) しか ── しか〜ない = only: 500円しかありません = only 500 yen (with a negative).

2. (B) しか ── 100円しかない = only 100 yen; しか always pairs with a negative (ない).

3. (B) 100円しかない ── しか must pair with a negative (✗ しかある).

4. (B) しか ── ここにしか売っていない = only sold here; しか with a negative.

5. (B) ── しか〜ない always takes a negative and often carries a not-enough/regret feel; だけ is neutral.

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