“〜wo fumaete・wo fumaeta”: Based On / In Light Of 〜 (after due consideration) [JLPT N2]

By Nihongo to Japan · Updated July 3, 2026

“judge in light of the current situation” — making a decision after fully taking a fact or situation into account

“〜wo fumaete・wo fumaeta”: Based On / In Light Of 〜 (after due consideration)

「noun ＋ を踏(ふ)まえて／を踏まえた」 means “based on 〜, in light of 〜, fully taking 〜 into account” — making a judgment or taking action after factoring in some fact, situation, or premise. E.g. 「現状を踏まえて判断する」 (judge in light of the current situation), 「皆の意見を踏まえて、計画を修正した」 (revised the plan based on everyone's opinions). To modify a noun, use 「を踏まえた」 (調査結果を踏まえた報告書). It's a formal, written expression.

🧠 Core nuance: take that thing as your footing, then proceed

The core is considering on the basis/premise of something: 踏まえる literally is “to stand firmly on,” extended to “taking … (a fact/situation/lesson) as the basis and fully factoring it in.” It stresses that the ensuing judgment or action is built on the first (based on the current situation, on opinions, learning from past failure). Formal and careful in tone, common in business, argument, and reports. The exact opposite of をよそに (ignoring, regardless of).

📌 How to Connect

💬 Example Sentences

• 現在の状況を踏まえて、慎重に判断する必要がある。(We need to judge carefully in light of the current situation.) — based on the situation
• 皆さんのご意見を踏まえて、計画を修正いたしました。(We revised the plan based on your opinions.) — factoring in
• 過去の失敗を踏まえて、新たな対策を立てた。(Learning from past failures, we drew up new measures.) — standing on a lesson
• これは、最新の調査結果を踏まえた報告書です。(This is a report based on the latest survey results.) — を踏まえた modifying a noun
• 双方の事情を踏まえた上で、結論を出した。(After fully considering both sides' circumstances, we reached a conclusion.) — after full consideration

🔄 Compare: を踏まえて vs に基づいて vs をもとに vs をよそに

⚠️ Common Mistakes

1. Using に: ✗ 現状に踏まえて → noun ＋ を踏まえて (use を).
2. Use を踏まえた to modify a noun: を踏まえての報告 (OK) / を踏まえて報告 (✗ to modify a noun) → を踏まえた報告.
3. Confusing with をよそに: を踏まえて = factoring in; をよそに = ignoring — opposite meanings.
4. Preceded by an abstract fact: mostly the current situation, opinions, results, experience — abstract bases.

💡 Nuance & When to Use

を踏まえて・を踏まえた mean “based on 〜, in light of 〜,” making a judgment or taking action after fully factoring in some fact, situation, lesson, or opinion (judge in light of the situation, revise based on opinions, draw up measures learning from failure). Formal and careful in tone, common in business, argument, reports, and policy explanations. To modify a noun, use を踏まえた. Close to に基づいて (based on), and the opposite of をよそに (ignoring). A must at N2.

🎯 JLPT Exam Tips

• High-frequency N2: noun ＋ を踏まえて = based on / in light of 〜 (full consideration); use を踏まえた to modify a noun.
• Particle: uses を.
• Distinction: を踏まえて (factoring in) vs に基づいて (based on) vs をよそに (ignoring, opposite).

🖊️ 練習題（5題）

Q1. 「皆の意見___、計画を修正した。」（基於大家的意見修正計畫）

(A) を踏まえて　(B) をよそに　(C) はもとより　(D) どころか

Q2. 「調査結果___報告書」（基於調查結果的報告書）修飾名詞的形式?

(A) を踏まえた　(B) を踏まえて　(C) を踏まえ　(D) を踏まえるの

Q3. 「過去の失敗を踏まえて対策を立てる」の意味は?

(A) 記取／立足於過去的失敗來制定對策

(B) 忘記過去的失敗

(C) 不管過去如何

(D) 重複過去的失敗

Q4. 「を踏まえて」と「をよそに」の違いとして正しいのは?

(A) を踏まえて＝以〜為前提考量;をよそに＝無視・不顧〜

(B) 兩者完全相同

(C) を踏まえて＝無視

(D) をよそに＝基於

Q5. 接法が正しいのは?

(A) 現状を踏まえて判断する。　(B) 現状に踏まえて判断する。

(C) 現状を踏まえてた案。　(D) 現状踏まえをて判断。

答案解析

1. (A) を踏まえて ── 基於大家的意見修正。

2. (A) を踏まえた ── 修飾名詞用を踏まえた。

3. (A) ── 立足於過去失敗制定對策。

4. (A) ── を踏まえて 以〜為前提;をよそに 無視不顧。

5. (A) ── 「を踏まえて」正確,其餘接法錯。