Compound Adjectives/Adverbs: 〜yasui・〜nikui・〜rashii・〜ppoi (N4-N3) [JLPT N4]

Content by NTJ Kuma · Nihongo to Japan editorial team · Updated July 27, 2026

「書きやすい」「読みにくい」「子供らしい」「水っぽい」 — easy / hard to do, befitting, or -ish.

「書きやすいペン」 — attach it to a verb, and it becomes an adjective

「書きやすいペン」 (an easy-to-write pen), 「割れにくいグラス」 (a hard-to-break glass), 「子供っぽい」 (childish) — 「やすい・にくい・らしい・っぽい」 are suffixes that attach to a word and turn it into an adjective: やすい (easy to ~), にくい (hard to ~), らしい (typical of/like), っぽい (tends to/-ish). This guide sorts these high-frequency suffixes, especially the often-confused 「らしい vs っぽい」.

Four high-frequency suffixes

The suffixes at a glance

SuffixMeaningExample
〜やすいeasy to ~書きやすい
〜にくいhard to ~割れにくい
〜らしいlike ~ (typical, as it should be)学生らしい
〜っぽい-ish/tends to (often negative)子供っぽい

Examples in context

⚠️ Easy traps to avoid

らしい vs っぽい. らしい = positive “as ~ should be” (男らしい = manly, praise); っぽい = often negative “-ish/tends to” (男っぽい = (of a woman) mannish/rough, 子供っぽい = childish). For the same “like a man,” らしい praises, っぽい nitpicks.

やすい/にくい attach to the ます-stem. わかりやすい (✗ わかるやすい), 食べにくい.

にくい has the near-synonym づらい. 食べにくい ≒ 食べづらい (both “hard to ~”; づらい leans “painful/awkward to do for some reason”).

🔄 Nuance & comparison: らしい/っぽい/みたい

SuffixNuanceExample
〜らしいas ~ should be (positive/typical)/hearsay学生らしい
〜っぽいhas a ~ feel/tends to (often negative)子供っぽい
〜みたいlike ~ (simile, colloquial ようだ)子供みたい

💡 How to remember this

In this suffix set, the one to nail is らしい vs っぽい: らしい = praise “as ~ should be” (男らしい = manly); っぽい = mildly critical “-ish/tends to” (男っぽい, 子供っぽい). Calling a woman 「男らしい」 praises her as bold and crisp; 「男っぽい」 leans “mannish, not delicate” — very different, and misusing it is rude. やすい/にくい are simpler — just attach to the ます-stem.

❓ FAQ

Q: 「子供らしい」 vs 「子供っぽい」?

Very different! 「子供らしい」 = like a child should be (innocent, cute — positive: 子供らしい笑顔); 「子供っぽい」 = childish, immature (negative: 大人なのに子供っぽい = an adult yet childish). らしい is “the lovely form befitting that status,” っぽい leans “-ish (immature).”

Q: What's the opposite of 「〜やすい」?

It's 「〜にくい」 (hard to ~). わかりやすい (easy to understand) ↔ わかりにくい (hard to); 使いやすい (easy to use) ↔ 使いにくい. There's also the near-synonym 「〜づらい」 (awkward/painful to do: 言いづらい = hard to bring up).

🖊️ Practice Quiz

Q1. 「この本は___。」(this book is easy to read)

(A) 読みやすい (B) 読みにくい (C) 読みらしい (D) 読みっぽい

Q2. 「___彼女の笑顔。」(her innocent, childlike smile — positive)

(A) 子供っぽい (B) 子供らしい (C) both A and B (D) 子供やすい

Q3. What is the antonym of 「〜にくい」?

(A) 〜らしい (B) 〜っぽい (C) 〜やすい (D) 〜づらい

Q4. 「___スープだね、もっと濃くして。」(the soup is a bit watery — negative)

(A) 水らしい (B) 水っぽい (C) 水やすい (D) 水らしくない

Q5. 「あの人は言い___ことをはっきり言える人だ。」(that person can clearly say things that are hard to say)

(A) やすい (B) にくい (C) らしい (D) っぽい


Answer Key

1. (A) 読みやすい ── 読む → 読み (ます-stem) + やすい = easy to read.

2. (B) 子供らしい ── 子供らしい = befitting a child / innocent (positive). 子供っぽい would be ‘childish' (negative).

3. (C) 〜やすい ── にくい (hard to) ↔ やすい (easy to).

4. (B) 水っぽい ── 〜っぽい = -ish/tending toward; 水っぽい = watery (negative).

5. (B) にくい ── 言いにくい = hard to say: 言いにくいことをはっきり言える.

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