“〜yasui・〜nikui”: Easy / Hard to Do (compound adjective) [JLPT N4]

Content by NTJ Kuma · Nihongo to Japan editorial team · Updated July 27, 2026

「書きやすいペン」「読みにくい字」 — easy or hard *to do*, a trait of the thing (not ability).

「このペンは書きやすい」 — 「〜やすい/〜にくい」, turning verbs into adjectives

「このペンは書きやすい」 (this pen is easy to write with), 「彼の字は読みにくい」 (his handwriting is hard to read) — 「(verb ます-stem) + やすい/にくい」 turns a verb into an adjective describing whether an action is easy or hard: やすい = easy to ~, good to ~; にくい = hard to ~, not good to ~. This guide covers 「やすい/にくい」's attachment and use, and separates it from near-synonyms like 「〜づらい」.

Core: doing an action, easy (やすい) or hard (にくい)

「〜やすい/にくい」 = “(to do) easy/hard”:

Attachment: verb ます-stem + やすい/にくい (書く→書き→書きやすい). The result is like an i-adjective (inflects as one).

How to Connect

FormMeaningExample
ます-stem + やすいeasy, good to do書きやすい
ます-stem + にくいhard, not good to do読みにくい
inflection (like i-adj)〜くて/〜かった書きやすくて

例句解析

⚠️ Common mistakes to avoid

Attaches to the ます-stem, not the dictionary form. 書きやすい (✗ 書くやすい), 読みにくい (✗ 読むにくい). Make the ます-form, drop ます, then add やすい/にくい.

Inflects like an i-adjective. The result is an i-adjective, inflecting as one: 書きやすい→書きやすく (て-form), 書きやすかっ (past), 書きやすくない (negative).

「にくい」 vs 「づらい」 vs 「がたい」. にくい = general hardness (objective or subjective: 読みにくい); づらい = mentally/physically taxing (言いづらい = hard to bring oneself to say, more subjective); がたい = nearly impossible (written) (信じがたい = hard to believe). Different degree/register of hardness.

🔄 Compare with similar forms: にくい/づらい/がたい

FormNuanceExample
〜やすいeasy, good to do分かりやすい
〜にくいhard, not good to do (general)読みにくい
〜づらいtaxing to do (subjective)言いづらい
〜がたいnearly impossible (written)信じがたい

💡 An exam judgment tip

「やすい/にくい」 is a super-useful tool for turning verbs into adjectives — to say “easy/hard to do,” always use it: 書きやすい (easy to write), 分かりやすい (easy to understand), 使いやすい (easy to use)/読みにくい (hard to read), 言いにくい (hard to say). The attachment is verb ます-stem + やすい/にくい, and the result works as an i-adjective (書きやすくて, 分かりやすかった). The near-synonyms 「にくい/づらい/がたい」 differ in degree and register: にくい (general hard) < づらい (taxing) < がたい (nearly impossible, written). For everyday reviews of whether things are easy to use or understand, 「〜やすい/にくい」 is the smoothest phrasing.

❓ FAQ

Q: How does 「やすい/にくい」 attach? Why 「書きやすい」, not 「書くやすい」?

It attaches to the verb ます-stem (ます-form minus ます): 書きます→書き→書きやすい, 読みます→読み→読みにくい, 使います→使い→使いやすい. Not the dictionary form (✗ 書くやすい). Mnemonic: make it 「〜ます」, drop ます, add やすい/にくい. The resulting 「〜やすい/にくい」 is an i-adjective, inflecting as one: 書きやすい→書きやすく (て-form link), 書きやすかっ (past), 書きやすくない (negative).

Q: 「にくい」「づらい」「がたい」 all mean “hard” — how do I tell them apart?

By degree and register. 「〜にくい」 = general “hard, not good to do” (most common, neutral): 読みにくい (hard to read), 覚えにくい (hard to memorize). 「〜づらい」 = mentally or physically taxing/awkward (more subjective, colloquial): 言いづらい (hard to bring oneself to say), 歩きづらい (hard to walk). 「〜がたい」 = nearly impossible, hard to (written, formal): 信じがたい (hard to believe), 理解がたい (hard to comprehend), 忘れがたい (unforgettable). Degree: にくい (general hard) → づらい (taxing) → がたい (nearly impossible). Everyday → にくい/づらい, written/formal → がたい.

🖊️ Practice Questions (5)

Q1. 「このアプリは___やすい。」 (This app is easy to use) Which fits the blank?

(A) 使う (B) 使い (C) 使って (D) 使え

Q2. 「彼の説明は___にくかった。」 (His explanation was hard to understand) Which fits the blank?

(A) 分かり (B) 分かる (C) 分かって (D) 分か

Q3. What is the difference between 「書きやすいペン」 and 「書くことができるペン」?

(A) They are exactly the same

(B) やすい expresses an objective property (easy to write with); できる expresses ability (able to write)

(C) やすい is past tense; できる is present tense

(D) やすい is for people; できる is for objects

Q4. 「この靴は歩き___くて、困っています。」 (hard to walk in) Which fits the blank?

(A) やす (B) にく (C) やすい (D) にくい

Q5. Which sentence is grammatically correct?

(A) これは食べるやすい。

(B) これは食べやすい。

(C) これは食べてやすい。

(D) これは食べにやすい。


Answer Explanations

1. (B) 使い ── やすい attaches to the ます-stem (drop ます): 使います→使い→使いやすい.

2. (A) 分かり ── 分かります→分かり→分かりにくかった (past tense).

3. (B) ── 書きやすい = the pen's design makes it "easy to write with" (a property of the object); 書くことができる = having the "ability" to write.

4. (B) にく ── 歩きにくくて (て-form) = because it's hard to walk in. The て-form of にくい = にくくて.

5. (B) 食べやすい ── 食べる (ichidan verb): drop る and add やすい: 食べ + やすい = 食べやすい.

Keep learning