“〜te iku”: Gradually 〜 / Take Away・Go Off (change + direction, now→future) [JLPT N4]
Content by NTJ Kuma · Nihongo to Japan editorial team · Updated July 27, 2026
“Atatakaku natte iku” “Motte ikimasu” — change into the future, and movement away from the speaker
「暖かくなっていく」 — 「〜ていく」, continuing/leaving toward the future and away
「これから、どんどん暖かくなっていく」 (from now it'll gradually get warmer) — the sense of 「いく (go)」 is the key: going toward “over there” (the future, the distance). 「(verb て-form) + いく」 has two uses: ① change continuing into the future (gradually ~); ② movement away in space (take away, leave). This guide covers 「ていく」's two directions and separates it from the opposite-direction 「てくる」 (detailed comparison in the 〈てくる〉 guide).
Core: going toward “over there” (the future, the distance)
The core of 「ていく」 is the direction of 「いく (go)」 — away from now, toward there:
- ① In time: gradual change into the future (~ on): 暖かくなっていく (will gradually warm up), 増えていく (will gradually increase). Continuing from now into the future.
- ② In space: movement away (take, leave): 傘を持っていく (take an umbrella), 走っていく (run off), 消えていく (gradually fade away).
Direction: from “now/here” toward “the future/there.”
How to Connect
| Use | Attachment | Example |
|---|---|---|
| future gradual change | change verb て-form + いく | 暖かくなっていく |
| take away (afar) | transitive て-form + いく | 持っていく |
| leave, go off | motion verb て-form + いく | 出ていく |
例句與情境
- これから、どんどん暖かくなっていくでしょう。(From now it'll gradually get warmer.) — future change
- 出かけるなら、傘を持っていってね。(If you're going out, take an umbrella.) — take away
- 少子化で、人口が減っていく。(With the low birth rate, the population will gradually shrink.) — future change
- 彼は何も言わずに出ていった。(He left without a word.) — leaving
- 努力を続けていけば、きっと上達する。(If you keep making efforts, you'll surely improve.) — continuing on
⚠️ Common mistakes to avoid
① Direction: ていく = toward there (future/afar). “Take it there” = 持っていく (carry away); “gradual change into the future” = 〜ていく (暖かくなっていく = it'll warm up later). Opposite direction from 「てくる」 (toward here/toward now).
② In time: ていく = from now “into the future.” 暖かくなっていく (now→future, will keep warming); vs 「暖かくなってきた」 (past→now, has warmed up to now). ていく looks to the future, てくる up to now.
③ Don't reverse 「持っていく」 vs 「持ってくる」. 持っていく = take (something) there (away); 持ってくる = bring (something) here. Based on “the speaker's current position”: carrying away = ていく, carrying here = てくる.
🔄 Compare with similar forms: ていく/てくる
| Form | Direction | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜ていく | toward there (future, afar, leaving) | 減っていく・持っていく |
| 〜てくる | toward here (up to now, nearer, bringing) | 減ってきた・持ってくる (has been decreasing / brings it along) |
| time axis | now→future | これから増えていく |
💡 An exam judgment tip
For 「ていく」, grasp the direction of 「いく (go)」 and it clicks: toward “there” — the future, afar, leaving. Two uses: ① gradual change into the future in time (暖かくなっていく = it'll warm up, 増えていく = will increase, looking at “the trend ahead”); ② movement afar in space (傘を持っていく = take an umbrella, 出ていく = leave). The key is the opposite direction from 「てくる」: ていく looks to the future/outward (暖かくなっていく = it'll warm up later), てくる up to now/inward (暖かくなってきた = it's warmed up to now). 「持っていく (take)/持ってくる (bring)」 are based on your current position. Get the direction right and the pair clicks.
❓ Common questions
Q: How do I tell the time direction of 「ていく」 vs 「てくる」?
「ていく」 = from now toward “the future” (it'll gradually ~ later): これから人口が減っていく (the population will gradually shrink from now, looking at the future trend). 「てくる」 = from the past to “now” (it's gradually ~ up to now): 最近寒くなってきた (it's gradually gotten cold (up to now) lately). Mnemonic: いく = away from now, looking to the future; くる = coming toward now, looking back up to now. So 「これから〜ていく」 (from now) and 「今まで〜てきた」 (up to now) are natural pairings.
Q: How do I tell 「持っていく」 from 「持ってくる」?
Based on the speaker's current position. 「持っていく」 = take something there (away from here): 明日、お弁当を持っていく (I'll take a bento tomorrow (to work/school)). 「持ってくる」 = bring something here: 飲み物を持ってくるね (I'll bring drinks (here)). Rule of thumb: carrying away = ていく, carrying here = てくる. Likewise 「連れていく (take (a person))/連れてくる (bring (a person))」.
🖊️ Practice Questions (5)
Q1. 「これから春に向けて、どんどん暖かく___でしょう。」(Getting warmer toward the future)
(A) なっていく (B) なってくる (C) なっていた (D) なるてくる
Q2. 「傘を___てください。雨が降りそうだから。」(Take it there)
(A) 持ってきて (B) 持っていって (C) 持ってあって (D) 持ってしまって
Q3. 「練習を続けていけば、___はずです。」(You'll gradually improve)
(A) 上手になってきた (B) 上手になっていく (C) 上手になった (D) 上手にしてくる
Q4. Which sentence uses 「てくる」correctly (direction: bringing from there to here)?
(A) 荷物を持っていきます (take away) (B) 荷物を持ってきます (bring here) (C) 荷物を持ってあります (D) 荷物を持ってしまいます
Q5. 「彼は何も言わずに出て___。」(Left, not coming back)
(A) きた (B) いった (C) くれた (D) あった
Answer Explanations
1. (A) なっていく ── A gradual change from present toward the future uses ていく; なってくる is a change from past to present.
2. (B) 持っていって ── 'Take it there' uses 持っていく (て-form: 持っていって). A's 持ってくる is 'bring it here.'
3. (B) 上手になっていく ── Predicting continued improvement in the future uses ていく.
4. (B) 荷物を持ってきます ── 'Bring it here' uses てくる: 持ってきます.
5. (B) いった ── 「出ていく」is the action of leaving, going away; 出てきた is coming out from there to here.