“〜shi〜shi”: Both 〜 and 〜 (listing reasons) [JLPT N4]

Content by NTJ Kuma · Nihongo to Japan editorial team · Updated July 27, 2026

「広いし、明るいし、気に入った」 — stacking up reasons, with more implied.

「安いし、おいしいし」 — reeling off several reasons at once

Recommending a place: 「あの店、安いし、おいしいし、店員も親切だし」 (that place is cheap, tasty, and the staff are nice too) — 「(plain form) ＋ し」 lists several reasons or qualities (both… and…, and…), and implies “there's more” (not just these). It's often used to give reasons persuasively or list merits. This guide covers 「〜し〜し」's attachment and feel, and separates it from te-form listing.

Core: list several reasons／qualities (and more)

「〜し〜し」 = “both… and…, and…,” listing multiple reasons or traits, implying “not just these”:

• この店は安いし、おいしいし (it's cheap and tasty… (and more)).
• 疲れたし、もう帰ろう (I'm tired… (and it's late), let's head home).

Feel: stacking reasons, often with a “so…” conclusion (implying there's more unsaid).

How to Connect

Examples in context

• この部屋は広いし、明るいし、気に入った。(This room is spacious and bright — I like it.) — listing merits
• 彼は真面目だし、信頼できる。(He's serious and trustworthy.) — listing traits
• 安いし、おいしいし、また来よう。(Cheap and tasty — let's come again.) — reasons ＋ conclusion
• 雨だし、疲れたし、今日は家にいる。(It's raining and I'm tired, so I'll stay home.) — stacking reasons
• お金もないし、時間もないし…(No money, no time…) — implying more

⚠️ Easy traps to avoid

① na-adjectives／nouns add 「だ」. 静かだし (✗ 静かし), 学生だし (✗ 学生し). na-adjectives and nouns insert 「だ」 before し.

② 「し」 implies “there's more,” not just listing. 「安いし」 isn't only “cheap” but implies “(and there are other merits).” Compared with plain te-form listing (安くておいしい), し adds an “example, and more” flavor.

③ Often with a “so…” conclusion. After listing reasons, a conclusion often follows (疲れたし、帰ろう = I'm tired… (so) let's head home). You can also list reasons and omit the conclusion (implying the listener gets it).

🔄 Compare with similar forms: 〜し〜し／te-form／から

💡 Learning tip

「〜し〜し」 is a great tool for giving reasons and persuading — to recommend or make an excuse, stacking 「安いし、おいしいし、近いし」 is very convincing. Its key difference from plain te-form listing (安くておいしい): し implies “there's more (unsaid)” and feels more subjective, like “giving examples of why.” Remember the attachment: na-adjectives and nouns add だ (静かだし, 学生だし). After the reasons, a conclusion often follows (〜し、〜し、だから…).

❓ FAQ

Q: 「〜し〜し」 vs te-form (〜くて)?

The te-form is plain, objective listing (安くておいしい = cheap and tasty, pure description); 「〜し」 gives reasons and implies “there's more” (安いしおいしいし = cheap and tasty (and other perks), more subjective, often with a “so…”). For objective description use the te-form; to stack reasons persuasively use し.

Q: How do na-adjectives and nouns attach to 「し」?

Insert 「だ」: na-adjective → 〜だ ＋ し (静かだし, 便利だし); noun → 〜だ ＋ し (学生だし, 日曜日だし). Verbs and i-adjectives attach directly in plain form (広いし, 行くし). Dropping 「だ」 is a common error.

🖊️ Practice Questions (5)

Q1. 「この部屋は広い___、明るい___、気に入った。」(both spacious and bright)

(A) し、し　(B) て、て　(C) から、から　(D) のに、のに

Q2. 「彼は真面目___、信頼できる。」(he's diligent too; な形容詞 connection)

(A) だし　(B) し　(C) なし　(D) でし

Q3. 「〜し〜し」が表すのは?

(A) Listing multiple reasons (implying there are others)

(B) Concession/contrast

(C) Chronological order

(D) Condition

Q4. 「安いし、おいしい」の語感は?

(A) Both cheap and delicious (listing merits)

(B) Cheap but delicious

(C) Delicious because it's cheap

(D) Either cheap or delicious

Q5. 接法が正しいのは?

(A) 静かだし、便利だ。　(B) 静かし、便利し。

(C) 学生し、若い。　(D) 暇し、行く。

Answer Explanations

1. (A) し、し ── listing reasons in parallel (both spacious and bright).

2. (A) だし ── な形容詞＋だ＋し.

3. (A) ── listing multiple reasons.

4. (A) ── listing merits (both cheap and delicious).

5. (A) ── な形容詞 and nouns need だ (静かだし); (B)(C)(D) omit だ.