JLPT N1 Vocabulary

錯覚 (illusion / delusion) 葛藤 (inner conflict) 倦怠 (boredom / lethargy) 洗練 (refinement / sophistication) 卓越 (excellence / superiority) 斬新 (novel / fresh) 緻密 (precise / meticulous) 凄まじい (tremendous / fierce) 儚い (fleeting / transient) 尊い (precious / noble) 潔い (honorable / dignified) 厳か (solemn / grave) 悠然 (calm and composed) 凛々しい (dignified / gallant) 奥ゆかしい (modest / refined) 物悲しい (melancholy / sad) 苦渋 (anguish / bitter struggle) 醸す (to create / brew) 凌ぐ (to endure / surpass) 蔑む (to look down on / despise) 慈しむ (to cherish / love dearly) 慕う (to long for / admire) 逆説 (paradox) 幻想 (illusion / fantasy) 渾沌 (chaos / disorder) 忸怩 (shame / mortification) 憚る (to hesitate / refrain) 滋味 (rich flavor / profundity) 貶める (to belittle / degrade) 朦朧 (dim / hazy / vague) 刹那 (moment / instant) 無常 (impermanence) 刹那的 (momentary / fleeting) 永遠 (eternity / forever) 不変 (unchanging / constant) 普遍 (universal / general) 概括 (generalization / overview) 捨象 (abstraction / ignoring specifics) 捨捉 (abstraction / grasping essence) 演繹 (deduction) 帰納 (induction) 類推 (analogy / inference) 外挿 (extrapolation) 内挿 (interpolation) 概括化 (generalization) 形而上 (metaphysical) 形而下 (physical / material) 超越 (transcendence) 内在 (immanence / inherent) 外在 (external / extrinsic) 本質 (essence / nature) 現象 (phenomenon) 実体 (substance / entity) 観念 (idea / notion) 悟性 (understanding / intellect) 理性 (reason / rationality) 感性 (sensitivity / sensibility) 知性 (intelligence / intellect) 直観 (intuition) 意志 (will / determination) 衝動 (impulse / urge) 潜在意識 (subconscious) 無意識 (unconscious) 深層心理 (deep psychology) 心的外傷 (psychological trauma) トラウマ (trauma) 強迫観念 (obsession / compulsion) 妄想 (delusion) 幻覚 (hallucination) 幻聴 (auditory hallucination) 解離 (dissociation) 統合失調症 (schizophrenia) 双極性障害 (bipolar disorder) 人格障害 (personality disorder) 自閉症スペクトラム (autism spectrum) 発達障害 (developmental disorder) 精神療法 (psychotherapy) 認知行動療法 (cognitive behavioral therapy) 精神分析 (psychoanalysis) 集団療法 (group therapy) サイコセラピー (psychotherapy) 自己啓発 (self-improvement / self-help) マインドフルネス (mindfulness) 瞑想 (meditation) 呼吸法 (breathing technique) アファメーション (affirmation) ビジョンボード (vision board) 習慣形成 (habit formation) モチベーション (motivation) インセンティブ (incentive) 外発的動機 (extrinsic motivation) 内発的動機 (intrinsic motivation) フロー状態 (flow state) ピーク体験 (peak experience) 至高体験 (peak experience / transcendent) 自己超越 (self-transcendence) 自己実現欲求 (need for self-actualization) 安全欲求 (safety needs) 社会的欲求 (social needs) 承認欲求 (need for recognition) 利己主義 (egoism / selfishness) 利他主義 (altruism) 功利主義 (utilitarianism) 義務論 (deontology) 徳倫理学 (virtue ethics) 功徳 (merit / virtue) 因果応報 (karma / cause and effect) 業 (karma / deed) 輪廻 (reincarnation / cycle of rebirth) 涅槃 (nirvana) 悟り (enlightenment) 解脱 (liberation / moksha) 空 (sky) 無 (nothingness / emptiness) 有 (being / existence) 存在論 (ontology) 認識論 (epistemology) 形而上学 (metaphysics) 現象学 (phenomenology) 実存主義 (existentialism) 虚無主義 (nihilism) 相対主義 (relativism) 絶対主義 (absolutism) 合理主義 (rationalism) 経験主義 (empiricism) プラグマティズム (pragmatism) 弁証法 (dialectics) 正反合 (thesis-antithesis-synthesis) アンチテーゼ (antithesis) テーゼ (thesis) ジンテーゼ (synthesis) 弁証 (dialectic proof) 否定 (negation / denial) 揚棄 (sublation / aufheben) 升華 (sublimation / elevation) 止揚 (aufheben / sublation) 統一 (unification / unity) 矛盾の統一 (unity of contradictions) アポリア (aporia / deadlock) パラドックス (paradox) ジレンマ (dilemma) トリレンマ (trilemma) 問題提起 (raising an issue) 問題意識 (awareness of issues) 問い直し (questioning again / re-examining) 問い掛け (posing a question) 反問 (counter-question) 自問 (self-questioning) 自答 (self-answering) 内省 (introspection) 熟考 (deep thought) 思索 (thinking / contemplation) 洞察 (insight) 直感 (intuition) 霊感 (spiritual inspiration / hunch) 天啓 (divine revelation) 啓示 (revelation) 黙示 (revelation / apocalypse) 預言 (prophecy) 箴言 (proverb / maxim) 格言 (maxim / aphorism) 諺 (proverb) 四字熟語 (four-character idiom) 慣用句 (set phrase / idiom) 成句 (set phrase) ことわざ (proverb) 一期一会 (once-in-a-lifetime encounter) 七転八起 (fall seven rise eight) 温故知新 (learning from the past) 以心伝心 (telepathy / mutual understanding) 十人十色 (to each their own) 七難八苦 (many hardships) 一石二鳥 (kill two birds one stone) 二兎を追う者は一兎をも得ず (chase two rabbits catch neither) 燈台下暗し (darkest under the lighthouse) 七転び八起き (fall seven times rise eight) 継続は力なり (persistence pays off) 急がば回れ (more haste less speed) 天は自ら助くる者を助く (heaven helps those who help themselves) 情けは人の為ならず (kindness comes back to you) 武士道 (bushido / samurai code) 大和魂 (Japanese spirit) 士農工商 (four feudal classes (samurai/farmer/craftsman/merchant)) 江戸時代 (Edo period) 明治維新 (Meiji Restoration) 大正デモクラシー (Taisho democracy) 昭和 (Showa era) 平成 (Heisei era) 令和 (Reiwa era) 元号 (era name) 天皇 (Emperor) 皇族 (imperial family) 貴族 (aristocrat / nobility) 武士 (samurai / warrior) 侍 (samurai) 忍者 (ninja) 大名 (feudal lord / daimyo) 将軍 (shogun) 幕府 (shogunate) 封建制度 (feudal system) 荘園 (feudal manor / estate) 浮世絵 (ukiyo-e woodblock print) 錦絵 (nishiki-e color woodblock) 版画 (woodblock print / printmaking) 俳句 (haiku) 和歌 (waka classical poem) 短歌 (tanka poem) 連歌 (linked verse poetry) 川柳 (senryu comic haiku) 源氏物語 (The Tale of Genji) 枕草子 (The Pillow Book) 竹取物語 (Tale of the Bamboo Cutter) 万葉集 (Man'yoshu poetry anthology) 古今和歌集 (Kokinshu poetry anthology) 徒然草 (Tsurezuregusa essays) 方丈記 (Hojoki) 平家物語 (Tale of the Heike) 古事記 (Kojiki / Record of Ancient Matters) 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki / Chronicles of Japan) 神話 (myth) 神道 (Shinto) 仏教 (Buddhism) キリスト教 (Christianity) イスラム教 (Islam) ヒンドゥー教 (Hinduism) 儒教 (Confucianism) 老子 (Laozi / Taoism) 荘子 (Zhuangzi) 孔子 (Confucius) 孟子 (Mencius) 仁 (benevolence / humanity) 義 (righteousness / duty) 礼 (propriety / courtesy) 智 (wisdom) 信 (faithfulness / trust) 五常 (Five Constant Virtues) 五倫 (Five Relationships) 中庸 (the golden mean) 修身 (self-cultivation) 克己 (self-control / overcoming oneself) 廉恥 (sense of shame / honor) 恥の文化 (shame culture) 罪の文化 (guilt culture) 集団主義 (collectivism) 個人主義 (individualism) 空気を読む (read the room / atmosphere) 建て前 (official stance / facade) 本音 (true feelings / real intention) 外見重視 (appearance-focused) 体裁 (appearances / outward show) 格好をつける (to keep up appearances) 見栄 (vanity / ostentation) 虚栄心 (vanity / conceit) 謙遜 (humility / modesty) へりくだる (to be humble) へつらう (to flatter / fawn) おべっか (flattery) 慇懃無礼 (insolent politeness) 高慢 (arrogant / haughty) 傲慢 (arrogant / overbearing) 尊大 (pompous / arrogant) 横柄 (arrogant / overbearing) 無礼 (rude / impolite) 礼儀正しい (polite / well-mannered) 分をわきまえる (to know one's place) 身の程を知る (to know one's limits) 分際 (one's station / position) 格 (status / rank / caliber) 格式 (status / formality) 位階 (rank / grade) 序列 (pecking order / hierarchy) 威光 (authority / prestige) 権威 (authority / power) 権力 (power / authority) 強権 (strong authority / hard power) 圧政 (oppression / tyranny) 圧制 (oppression / coercion) 弾圧 (suppression / crackdown) 抑圧 (oppression / suppression) 抵抗 (resistance) 反乱 (rebellion / revolt) 革命 (revolution) クーデター (coup d'état) 解放 (liberation / release) 独立 (independence) 主権 (sovereignty) 自治 (autonomy / self-governance) 分権 (decentralization) 地方分権 (local autonomy / decentralization) 中央集権 (centralization) 連邦制 (federal system) 単一制 (unitary system) 議院内閣制 (parliamentary cabinet system) 大統領制 (presidential system) 二院制 (bicameral system) 一院制 (unicameral system) 憲法 (constitution) 憲法改正 (constitutional amendment) 立憲主義 (constitutionalism) 法治主義 (rule of law) 人治主義 (rule by persons) 三権分立 (separation of three powers) 立法 (legislation / lawmaking) 行政 (administration / government) 司法 (judiciary) 違憲 (unconstitutional) 合憲 (constitutional) 審査 (examination / screening) 違憲審査 (constitutionality review) 最高裁判所 (Supreme Court) 高等裁判所 (High Court) 地方裁判所 (District Court) 家庭裁判所 (Family Court) 簡易裁判所 (Summary Court) 民事訴訟 (civil suit) 刑事訴訟 (criminal proceedings) 行政訴訟 (administrative litigation) 調停 (mediation) 仲裁 (arbitration) 証言 (testimony) 宣誓 (oath / swearing in) 偽証 (perjury) 証人保護 (witness protection) 内部告発者 (whistleblower) whistleblower (whistleblower) 暗黒物質 (dark matter) 暗黒エネルギー (dark energy) 相対性理論 (theory of relativity) 特殊相対性理論 (special relativity) 一般相対性理論 (general relativity) 量子場理論 (quantum field theory) 標準模型 (Standard Model) 素粒子 (elementary particle) ブラックホール (black hole) 宇宙 (space / universe) 宇宙膨張 (cosmic expansion) ビッグバン (Big Bang) 多元宇宙論 (multiverse theory) 時空 (spacetime) 因果律 (causality / law of cause and effect) 決定論 (determinism) 不確定性原理 (uncertainty principle) 波動関数 (wave function) 重ね合わせ (superposition) コペンハーゲン解釈 (Copenhagen interpretation) 多世界解釈 (many-worlds interpretation) エンタングルメント (quantum entanglement) 量子コンピューター (quantum computer) 複雑系 (complex system) カオス理論 (chaos theory) フラクタル (fractal) 自己組織化 (self-organization) 創発 (emergence) 適応 (adaptation) 進化 (evolution) 自然淘汰 (natural selection) 突然変異 (mutation) 遺伝子 (gene) タンパク質合成 (protein synthesis) ゲノム (genome) ゲノム編集 (genome editing) クローン (clone) 幹細胞 (stem cell) 再生医療 (regenerative medicine) 諧謔 (humor / wit) 隠喩 (metaphor) 直喩 (simile) 擬人化 (personification / anthropomorphism) アレゴリー (allegory) 象徴 (symbol) 含意 (implication) 含蓄 (implication / depth) 示唆 (suggestion / implication) 暗示 (hint / implication) 明示 (explicit statement) 婉曲 (euphemism / indirect expression) 迂回 (detour / circumlocution) 韜晦 (obscuring / being enigmatic) 諷刺 (satire) 皮肉 (irony / sarcasm) アンビバレンス (ambivalence) 雄弁 (eloquence) 修辞 (rhetoric) 文体 (writing style) 語彙 (vocabulary) 語源 (etymology / word origin) 造語 (coined word / neologism) 和語 (native Japanese word) 漢語 (Sino-Japanese word) 外来語 (loanword / foreign word) 四字熟語 (four-character idiom) 文章力 (writing ability) 読解力 (reading comprehension) 表現力 (expressive ability) 語学力 (language ability) 翻訳文学 (translated literature) 世界文学 (world literature) 古典文学 (classical literature) 現代文学 (modern literature) 存在 (existence / being) 実存 (existence) 本質主義 (essentialism) 観念論 (idealism) 唯物論 (materialism) 徳倫理 (virtue ethics) 普遍主義 (universalism) 自由主義 (liberalism) 保守主義 (conservatism) 社会主義 (socialism) 資本主義 (capitalism) 民主主義 (democracy) 権威主義 (authoritarianism) 全体主義 (totalitarianism) 多元主義 (pluralism) 懐疑主義 (skepticism) 実用主義 (pragmatism) 構造主義 (structuralism) 脱構築 (deconstruction) ポストモダン (postmodern) 啓蒙 (enlightenment) 先験的 (a priori / transcendental) 経験的 (empirical / experiential) 類推 (analogy / inference) アナロジー (analogy) メタファー (metaphor) 畢竟 (ultimately / in the end) 所詮 (after all / at best) 敢えて (daring to / boldly) あながち (not necessarily) 概して (generally / on the whole) 総じて (overall / in general) ひいては (and eventually / by extension) ひとえに (solely / purely) ひたすら (solely / devotedly) おおよそ (approximately) いかんせん (unfortunately / regrettably) いかんによらず (regardless of) もとより (of course / from the beginning) なにしろ (at any rate / whatever) なにぶん (somehow / in any case) ひるがえって (on the other hand / turning around) 転じて (turning to / shifting to) 端的に (concisely / directly) 要するに (in short / to sum up) すなわち (namely / that is) 換言すれば (in other words) 言い換えれば (in other words) とりもなおさず (which is nothing other than) ひいては (and eventually / by extension) いわんや (let alone / not to mention) 況してや (much less / let alone) 余儀なく (unavoidably / inevitably) やむを得ず (unavoidably / reluctantly) 否応なしに (whether one likes it or not) もっぱら (exclusively / solely) 因果関係 (causal relationship) 相関関係 (correlation) 依存関係 (dependency relationship) 包含関係 (inclusive relationship) 対立関係 (antagonistic relationship) 補完関係 (complementary relationship) 均衡 (balance / equilibrium) 不均衡 (imbalance) 最適化 (optimization) 効率化 (improving efficiency) 合理化 (streamlining) 標準化 (standardization) 体系化 (systematization) 数値化 (quantification) 可視化 (visualization) 定量化 (quantification) 定性的 (qualitative) 定量的 (quantitative) 統計的 (statistical) 確率的 (probabilistic) 標本 (sample) 偏差 (deviation) 分散 (variance / dispersion) 五十歩百歩 (six of one half dozen of the other) 竹馬の友 (childhood friend / old pal) 同舟異夢 (same boat different dreams) 異口同音 (unanimous / with one voice) 百花繚乱 (diverse talents blooming) 花鳥風月 (nature and beauty) 山紫水明 (beautiful natural scenery) 呉越同舟 (strange bedfellows) 明鏡止水 (serene mind / clarity) 臥薪嘗胆 (enduring hardship for a goal) 他山の石 (a lesson from others' mistakes) 杓子定規 (rigid / by the book) 紆余曲折 (twists and turns) 試行錯誤 (trial and error) 取捨選択 (selecting and discarding) 切磋琢磨 (mutual improvement) 画竜点睛 (finishing touch / key detail) 雌雄を決する (to decide the winner / settle it) 蛇足 (unnecessary addition / fifth wheel) 矛盾 (contradiction) 背水の陣 (fighting with back to the wall) 虎穴に入らずんば虎子を得ず (nothing ventured nothing gained) 風前の灯 (flickering flame / precarious) 焼け石に水 (a drop in the bucket) 塵も積もれば山となる (every little bit adds up) 文献調査 (literature review) 先行研究 (prior research) 研究方法論 (research methodology) 実証研究 (empirical research) インタビュー調査 (interview survey) フィールドワーク (fieldwork) 論文 (thesis / paper) 学術誌 (academic journal) 査読 (peer review) 引用 (citation / quotation) 注釈 (annotation / note) 参考文献 (references / bibliography) 研究倫理 (research ethics) 知的財産 (intellectual property) 特許 (patent) 著作権 (copyright) 剽窃 (plagiarism) 研究不正 (research misconduct) 再現性 (reproducibility) 追試 (replication study) 反証 (counterevidence) 疑似科学 (pseudoscience) エビデンス (evidence) 根拠に基づく (evidence-based) 相関と因果 (correlation and causation) 生存者バイアス (survivorship bias) 確証バイアス (confirmation bias) 認知バイアス (cognitive bias) 財政 (public finance / budget) 財政赤字 (fiscal deficit) 国家債務 (national debt) 金融政策 (monetary policy) 財政政策 (fiscal policy) 中央銀行 (central bank) 金融緩和 (monetary easing / quantitative easing) 金利 (interest rate) 為替介入 (currency intervention) 経済制裁 (economic sanctions) 貿易摩擦 (trade friction) 保護主義 (protectionism) 自由貿易 (free trade) 規制緩和 (deregulation) 民営化 (privatization) 国有化 (nationalization) 独占禁止法 (antitrust law) 補助金 (subsidy / grant) 税制改革 (tax reform) 累進課税 (progressive taxation) 消費税 (consumption tax) 法人税 (corporate tax) 所得税 (income tax) 富裕税 (wealth tax) 租税回避 (tax avoidance) タックスヘイブン (tax haven) 公共投資 (public investment) インフラ整備 (infrastructure development) 社会保障 (social security) 年金制度 (pension system) 審美眼 (aesthetic sense / discerning eye) 美的感覚 (aesthetic sense) 前衛 (avant-garde) アバンギャルド (avant-garde) モダニズム (modernism) バロック (baroque) ルネサンス (Renaissance) 印象派 (Impressionism) 表現主義 (Expressionism) 抽象表現主義 (Abstract Expressionism) ポップアート (Pop Art) コンセプチュアルアート (conceptual art) インスタレーション (installation art) パフォーマンスアート (performance art) メディアアート (media art) 批評理論 (critical theory) 文化批評 (cultural criticism) ポストコロニアル (postcolonial) フェミニズム批評 (feminist criticism) クィア理論 (queer theory) 葛藤 (inner conflict) 詫び寂び (wabi-sabi) 物の哀れ (mono no aware / pathos of things) 粋 (chic / stylish / refined) 雅 (elegance / refinement) 侘しい (lonely / desolate) 寂しい (lonely) 憂い (sorrow / anxiety) 哀愁 (pathos / melancholy) 郷愁 (nostalgia) 懐古 (nostalgia for the past) 追憶 (recollection / reminiscence) 回顧 (looking back / retrospection) 回想 (recollection) 自省 (self-reflection) 煩悶 (anguish / distress) 苦悩 (suffering / anguish) 懊悩 (anguish / torment) 慟哭 (wailing / deep grief) 喜悦 (joy / delight) 歓喜 (joy / jubilation) 陶酔 (intoxication / ecstasy) 昂揚 (elation / uplift) 感奮 (inspiration / excitement) 崇高 (sublime / lofty) 高尚 (refined / elevated) 気品 (elegance / grace) 品格 (character / dignity) 格調 (dignity / style) 風格 (style / presence) 威厳 (dignity / authority) 風雅 (elegance / refinement) 繊細 (delicate / sensitive) 精緻 (exquisite / elaborate) 精妙 (exquisite / subtle) 奇妙 (strange / peculiar) 玄妙 (profound / mysterious) 深遠 (profound / deep) 幽玄 (subtle beauty / mystery) 幽邃 (serene and deep) 沈思黙考 (deep contemplation) 無為自然 (non-action / naturalness) 万物流転 (all things change / flux) 諸行無常 (all things are impermanent) 山川異域 (distant lands different rivers) 同時代性 (contemporaneity) 歴史的文脈 (historical context) 文化的文脈 (cultural context) コンテクスト (context) パラダイム (paradigm) パラダイムシフト (paradigm shift) エポック (epoch) 転換期 (period of transition / turning point era) 画期的 (epoch-making / groundbreaking) 革命的 (revolutionary) 変革 (reform / transformation) 刷新 (renewal / reform) 変遷 (transition / change) 推移 (progress / change over time) 沿革 (history / background) 起源 (origin) 発祥 (origin / place of origin) 淵源 (origin / source) 系譜 (genealogy / lineage) 脈絡 (context / connection) 紡ぐ (to spin / weave) 織り成す (to weave / create) 形成する (to form / shape) 構築する (to build / construct) 解体する (to dismantle / disassemble) 崩壊する (to collapse / crumble) 瓦解する (to collapse / fall apart) 消滅する (to disappear / vanish) 再構成する (to reconstruct / reorganize) 再定義する (to redefine) 問い直す (to re-examine / question again) 見直す (to review / reconsider) 批判的に考える (to think critically) 俯瞰する (to view from above / overview) 鳥瞰する (to have a bird's eye view) 見渡す (to look out over) 洞察する (to gain insight) 見抜く (to see through / discern) 喝破する (to see through / expose) 真摯 (sincere / earnest) 誠実 (sincere / honest) 誠心誠意 (wholeheartedly / sincerely) 献身 (dedication / devotion) 奉仕 (service / dedication) 忠誠 (loyalty) 節操 (integrity / moral principles) 廉潔 (integrity / incorruptibility) 清廉 (integrity / clean) 高潔 (noble character / integrity) 矜持 (pride / self-respect) 誇り (pride) プライド (pride) 尊厳 (dignity) 自尊 (self-respect) 自愛 (self-love) 慈悲 (compassion / mercy) 博愛 (philanthropy / universal love) 寛容 (tolerance / generosity) 包容力 (tolerance / capacity to embrace) 共感 (empathy / sympathy) 感情移入 (empathy) 同情 (sympathy / compassion) 憐憫 (pity / compassion) 哀れみ (pity / sympathy) 義憤 (righteous indignation) 憤慨 (indignation / anger) 憤激 (fierce indignation / rage) 憎悪 (hatred / animosity) 嫌悪 (disgust / aversion) 軽蔑 (contempt / scorn) 嫉妬 (jealousy / envy) 羨望 (envy / admiration) 渇望 (craving / yearning) 熱望 (ardent desire) 切望 (earnest desire / longing) 希求 (seeking / aspiration) 志向 (aspiration / orientation) 指向 (direction / orientation) 傾倒 (devotion / inclination) 執心 (attachment / devotion) 没頭 (engrossed / immersed) 没入 (immersion / absorption) 耽溺 (indulgence / addiction) 嗜好 (taste / preference) 嗜む (to enjoy / savor) 弄ぶ (to toy with / play with) 翻弄 (being tossed about / at the mercy of) 惑わす (to confuse / mislead) 惑う (to be confused / lost) 混迷 (confusion / chaos) 迷妄 (delusion) 幻惑 (fascination / bewilderment) 魅惑 (fascination / enchantment) 陶然 (entranced / ecstatic) 恍惚 (ecstasy / trance) 忘我 (self-forgetfulness / trance) 狂喜 (wild joy / ecstasy) 昂奮 (excitement / elation) 興奮 (excitement) 熱狂 (enthusiasm / frenzy) 発奮 (rousing oneself / inspiration) 奮起 (rousing / rallying) 佇む (to stand / linger) 揺蕩う (to drift / float) 彷徨う (to wander / roam) 漂う (to drift / float) 滲む (to seep / blur) 蠢く (to squirm / wriggle) 蔓延る (to spread / run rampant) 鬱積する (to accumulate / fester) わだかまる (to harbor ill feelings) 拭い去る (to wipe away) 払拭する (to dispel / wipe out) 葬り去る (to bury / put away) 打ち捨てる (to discard / abandon) 顧みない (to disregard / not care) 顧みる (to reflect on / care about) 慮る (to consider / think over) 忖度 (reading the air / anticipating wishes) 斟酌 (consideration / discretion) 躊躇する (to hesitate) 躊躇わず (without hesitation) 逡巡する (to waver / hesitate) 踏み切る (to take the plunge / decide) 踏ん切る (to make up one's mind) 割り切る (to be pragmatic / clear-cut) 開き直る (to become defiant / come clean) 潔く (gracefully / honorably) 未練 (lingering attachment) 諦め (giving up / resignation) 執念 (tenacity / obsession) 怨念 (grudge / resentment) 呪縛 (curse / spell / binding) 囚われ (being bound / captive) 捕らわれる (to be captured / bound) 解き放つ (to set free / release) 解放される (to be liberated) 自由になる (to become free) 独り立ちする (to stand on one's own) 自立する (to become independent) 羽ばたく (to flap wings / take flight) 飛び立つ (to take off / fly away) 旅立つ (to set out on a journey) 踏み出す (to step forward) 歩み出す (to step forward / begin walking) 前進する (to advance / move forward) 邁進する (to push forward) 突き進む (to push through) 突き抜ける (to break through / pierce through) 貫く (to persist / go through) 成し遂げる (to accomplish / achieve) やり遂げる (to see through to the end) 成し遂げた (accomplished / achieved) 偉業 (great achievement / feat) 功績 (achievement / merit) 遺産 (inheritance / legacy) 遺志 (last wishes / dying wish) 遺稿 (posthumous manuscript) 遺作 (posthumous work) 遺墨 (posthumous calligraphy / writing) 後世 (posterity / future generations) 後代 (later generations) 末裔 (descendant / offspring) 後継者 (successor) 後継 (successor / continuation) 引き継ぐ (to take over / inherit) 伝承する (to pass down / transmit) 受け継ぐ (to inherit / receive) 守り伝える (to preserve and pass down) 脈々と (continuously / in an unbroken line) 綿々と (continuously / endlessly) 脈脈と (continuously / in unbroken succession) 連綿と (continuously / uninterruptedly) 営々と (diligently / steadily) 諦めない (not giving up) 折れない (unyielding / not breaking) 不屈の (indomitable / unyielding) 不撓不屈 (indomitable / unyielding) 不惜身命 (giving one's all / selflessly) 死力を尽くす (to exert every ounce of strength) 渾身の (with all one's might) 全身全霊 (body and soul / whole being) 魂を込めて (with heart and soul) 心血を注ぐ (to pour one's heart into) 粉骨砕身 (working oneself to the bone) 獅子奮迅 (fierce / dynamic action) 七転八倒 (writhing in agony) 八方塞がり (no way out / stuck in all directions) 袋小路 (dead end / blind alley) 泥沼 (swamp / quagmire) 悪循環 (vicious cycle) 正の連鎖 (positive chain reaction) 好循環 (virtuous cycle) 相乗効果 (synergistic effect) 波及効果 (ripple effect) 副次的 (secondary / incidental) 付随する (to accompany / be associated) 伴う (to accompany / entail) 随伴する (to accompany) 派生する (to derive from / branch off) 起因する (to originate from / be caused by) 起因 (cause / origin) 誘因 (trigger / inducing factor) 触媒 (catalyst) 契機 (opportunity / trigger) 端緒 (beginning / clue) 糸口 (clue / starting point) きっかけ (trigger / impetus) 転換点 (turning point) 分岐点 (fork / branching point) 岐路 (crossroads / fork in the road) 節目 (turning point / milestone) 転機 (turning point / chance) 好機 (good opportunity / chance) 千載一遇 (once-in-a-lifetime opportunity) 好適 (suitable / appropriate) 最適 (optimal / most suitable) 最善 (best / optimal) 次善 (second best) 妥協 (compromise) 折衷 (compromise / middle ground) 調和 (harmony / balance) バランス (balance) 均整 (balance / symmetry) 対称 (symmetry) 非対称 (asymmetry) 歪み (distortion / skew) 乖離 (divergence / gap) 齟齬 (discrepancy / misunderstanding) 不整合 (inconsistency / incoherence) 不調和 (discord / disharmony) 食い違い (discrepancy / mismatch) ずれ (misalignment / gap) ギャップ (gap) 落差 (disparity / gap) 懸隔 (great gap / gulf) 隔絶 (isolation / great distance) 断絶 (severance / break) 乖離 (divergence / gap) 相反する (to be opposite / contradictory) 相矛盾する (to contradict each other) 相克 (conflict / strife) 対立 (conflict / opposition) 拮抗 (rivalry / competition) 競合 (competition / rivalry) 覇権 (hegemony / supremacy) 覇権争い (hegemonic struggle) 勢力圏 (sphere of influence) 影響圏 (sphere of influence) 版図 (territory / domain) 領域 (territory / domain / field) 管轄 (jurisdiction) 所管 (jurisdiction / in charge of) 権限 (authority / power) 裁量 (discretion / judgment) 自裁 (self-determination / suicide) 自決 (self-determination) 自主 (autonomy / independence) 自律 (autonomy / self-regulation) 他律 (heteronomy / other-directed) 従属 (subordination / dependence) 隷属 (subjugation / slavery) 支配 (control / domination) 制御 (control) 統制 (control / regulation) 管理 (management) 監理 (supervision) 監督 (supervision / oversight) 監視 (monitoring / surveillance) 統治 (governance / rule) 揺るがない (unwavering / unshakeable) 揺るぎない (unwavering / solid) 確固たる (firm / steadfast) 堅固な (solid / sturdy) 強固な (strong / firm) 磐石な (rock-solid) 不動の (immovable / steadfast) 不変の (unchanging / immutable) 普遍の (universal) 恒久の (permanent / lasting) 永遠の (eternal) 無窮の (infinite / endless) 無限の (infinite) 有限の (finite / limited) 限りある (limited / finite) 限りない (unlimited / boundless) 果てしない (endless / boundless) 底知れぬ (unfathomable / bottomless) 測り知れない (immeasurable) 計り知れない (immeasurable / beyond measure) 甚大な (enormous / severe) 莫大な (vast / enormous) 多大な (great / substantial) 具象 (concrete) トラスト (trust) コングロマリット (conglomerate) 持株会社 (holding company) 関連会社 (affiliated company) 財閥 (zaibatsu/financial clique) デューデリジェンス (due diligence) 敵対的買収 (hostile takeover) 白馬の騎士 (white knight (defense)) 経営統合 (business integration) あながちそうとも言えない (not necessarily so) あたかも〜のように (as if...) あながち〜ない (not necessarily) いかがわしい (suspicious/dubious) いかさま (fraud/sham) いざとなると (when push comes to shove) いざとなれば (when the time comes) いかんともしがたい (nothing can be done about it) しかるに (however/but) 陪審制 (jury system) 裁判員制度 (lay judge system) 公判 (trial/public hearing) 判決を下す (to render a verdict) 上告する (to appeal to the supreme court) 控訴する (to appeal (a court decision)) 抗告する (to file an immediate appeal) 起訴する (to indict/prosecute) 告訴する (to file a complaint/charge) 訴訟費用 (court costs) 換喩 (metonymy) 提喩 (synecdoche) 諷喩 (allegory) 対句 (parallel phrase) 体言止め (ending with a noun) 倒置法 (inversion) 反復法 (repetition) 省略法 (omission/ellipsis) ユーモア (humor) 諷刺する (to satirize) 揶揄する (to mock/jeer) 嘲笑する (to ridicule/sneer) 覇権主義 (hegemonism) 帝国主義 (imperialism) 植民地主義 (colonialism) 民族自決 (national self-determination) 領土主権 (territorial sovereignty) 不干渉原則 (principle of non-interference) 発効する (to come into effect) 破棄する (to cancel/nullify) 改廃する (to revise or abolish) 宣言 (declaration) 共同声明 (joint statement) コミュニケ (communiqué) 首脳会談 (summit meeting) 国民総所得 (gross national income (GNI)) 財政再建 (fiscal reconstruction) インフレターゲット (inflation target) 流動性の罠 (liquidity trap) 乗数効果 (multiplier effect) クラウディングアウト (crowding out) フィリップス曲線 (Phillips curve) マネーサプライ (money supply) 法定準備率 (required reserve ratio) 公開市場操作 (open market operations) リバースレポ (reverse repo) 進化論 (theory of evolution) 抗原 (antigen) mRNAワクチン (mRNA vaccine) ウイルスベクター (viral vector) 変異株 (variant strain) 有糸分裂 (mitosis) 減数分裂 (meiosis) iPS細胞 (induced pluripotent stem cell) 遺伝子操作 (genetic manipulation) 二律背反 (antinomy/dilemma) 百発百中 (hitting the mark every time) 万古不変 (unchanging for eternity) 一蓮托生 (sharing the same fate) 刻苦勉励 (studying with diligence) 虎視眈々 (watching with greedy eyes) 傍若無人 (acting as if no one is around) 量子 (quantum) クォーク (quark) レプトン (lepton) ボソン (boson) ヒッグス粒子 (Higgs boson) 光子 (photon) 重力波 (gravitational wave) 超新星爆発 (supernova explosion) 太陽系外惑星 (exoplanet) マルクス主義 (Marxism) 資本蓄積 (capital accumulation) 剰余価値 (surplus value) 階級闘争 (class struggle) プロレタリアート (proletariat) ブルジョワジー (bourgeoisie) インフラストラクチャー (infrastructure) エートス (ethos) ソーシャルキャピタル (social capital) ハビトゥス (habitus) 参与観察 (participant observation) トーテミズム (totemism) ディスコース (discourse) あまつさえ (moreover/on top of that) さておき (leaving aside/putting aside) はたして (as expected/indeed) いかんにかかわらず (regardless of) いかんによっては (depending on) あながち〜ではない (not necessarily) よしんば (even if/supposing that) ひとり〜のみならず (not only...) ことなきを得る (to escape without incident) ことのほか (unusually/unexpectedly) ことの次第 (the details/how things came to be) 元型 (archetype) 自己愛性人格障害 (narcissistic personality disorder) 境界性人格障害 (borderline personality disorder) 回避性人格障害 (avoidant personality disorder) 損失回避 (loss aversion) 現状維持バイアス (status quo bias) 未必の故意 (dolus eventualis) 故意犯 (intentional crime) 過失犯 (negligent crime) 正当防衛 (self-defense) 緊急避難 (necessity/emergency escape) 訴状 (complaint/complaint document) 答弁書 (written answer/defense) 証拠隠滅 (destruction of evidence) 罰金刑 (fine/pecuniary punishment) 懲役刑 (imprisonment with labor) 禁錮刑 (imprisonment without labor) 再犯 (recidivism) 累犯 (repeat offender) 共犯 (accomplice/aiding and abetting) 主犯 (principal offender) あてはめる (to apply/fit into) 動きが取れない (unable to move/act) 思いをはせる (to think of/let one's thoughts drift to) 気がおけない (able to be frank with) きわどい (borderline/risky) くみする (to side with/join) 暮れなずむ (the day is slow to end) 心得る (to understand/know) 事に当たる (to deal with/tackle) 末な (inferior/of the lowest rank) はかない (fleeting/transient) うとましい (disagreeable/repulsive) おぼろげな (vague/dim) 仰々しい (exaggerated/pompous) ぎごちない (awkward/clumsy) こそばゆい (ticklish/embarrassing) こましゃくれた (precocious/presumptuous) 根深い (deep-rooted) しがない (humble/insignificant) したたかな (tough/tenacious) 薄々 (vaguely/dimly) なまぬるい (lukewarm/halfhearted) なまめかしい (seductive/sensuous) のさばる (to act arrogantly/run rampant) ぬかるみ (muddy ground) まがまがしい (ominous/sinister) むくつけない (rude/uncouth) やりきれない (unbearable) ゆゆしい (grave/serious) わかりづらい (hard to understand) 一筋 (one thread/single-minded) 不意 (sudden/unexpected) 不意を突く (to catch off guard) つがい (pair/couple) おのれ (oneself (archaic/literary)) おのずから (naturally/spontaneously) くだり (passage/paragraph) やすらぎ (peace/tranquility) 気ばかり (only worrying/just anxious) こと細かに (in minute detail) てくてく (trudge/plod along) もたもた (sluggish/dawdling) よちよち (tottering (as a toddler)) あがなう (to atone for/redeem) あらがう (to resist/oppose) うそぶく (to boast/bluff) おとしめる (to belittle/degrade) かいくぐる (to slip through/evade) かさむ (to increase/swell) きわめる (to carry to the extreme) くいしばる (to grit one's teeth) くだす (to make (judgment)/issue (order)) こじれる (to become complicated) さしかかる (to approach/be about to) しかける (to set up/instigate) しみつく (to soak into/become stuck) つきつめる (to carry through to the end) なすりつける (to shift blame onto) ねだる (to demand/pester for) はびこる (to spread/run rampant) ふるい落とす (to sift out/eliminate) まかりとおる (to pass/go unchallenged) みくびる (to underestimate/look down on) むさぼる (to covet/devour greedily) もてあそぶ (to trifle with/toy with) 醍醐味 (essence/real pleasure) 白眉 (the best/the cream of the crop) 登竜門 (gateway to success) 登竜門をくぐる (to pass through the gateway to success) 出藍の誉れ (surpassing one's teacher) 三顧の礼 (repeated requests for someone's services) 苦肉の策 (desperate measure) 仁義 (benevolence and righteousness/duty) 義理人情 (duty and humanity) 薄情 (cold-hearted/callous) 冷血 (cold-blooded) 冷血漢 (cold-blooded person) 短絡的 (short-circuit thinking/simplistic) 顛倒する (to invert/put upside down) 手前味噌 (self-praise (lit. homemade miso)) 二枚舌 (double-tongue/two-faced) 面の皮が厚い (thick-skinned/shameless) 声を失う (to be speechless) 地殻変動 (crustal movement) 地盤沈下 (land subsidence) 侵食 (erosion) 堆積岩 (sedimentary rock) 変成岩 (metamorphic rock) 火成岩 (igneous rock) プレート運動 (plate movement) 地溝 (rift valley) 山岳地帯 (mountainous area) 高地 (highland/high altitude) 低地 (lowland) 氾濫原 (floodplain) 終いには (in the end/at last) あいまって (combined with/coupled with) すること自体 (the very act of doing) ながらに (while still/as it is) にして (as/being) とあって (because it is/given that) とあれば (if that is the case) とあっては (since that is the case) ならいざしらず (perhaps if it were...but) ことのないよう (so that ... doesn't happen) すること請け合いだ (to be sure to) べきではなかった (should not have) ずにはいられない (cannot help but) ずにはすまない (cannot avoid doing) ものでもない (it's not like it's impossible) てかなわない (so... that one can't bear it) てならない (cannot help feeling) てたまらない (unbearably/can't stand) てしょうがない (so...that nothing can be done) 愁い (grief/sorrow) 愁いを帯びる (to be tinged with sorrow) 懊悩する (to be anguished/tormented) 忸怩たる (feeling ashamed/remorseful) 忸怩たる思い (feelings of shame) 宸襟を悩ます (to trouble the emperor's heart) 哀愁を感じる (to feel pathos/melancholy) 郷愁を覚える (to feel nostalgic) 物淋しい (slightly lonely) わびしい (desolate/lonely) 望郷の念 (homesickness) 孤愁 (solitary melancholy) 拮抗薬 (antagonist) ステロイド (steroid) 外科手術 (surgical operation) 腹腔鏡手術 (laparoscopic surgery) 材料力学 (strength of materials) 引張強度 (tensile strength) 圧縮強度 (compressive strength) トルク (torque) 摩擦係数 (coefficient of friction) 熱伝導 (thermal conduction) 電気伝導 (electrical conduction) 超電導 (superconductivity) 電磁誘導 (electromagnetic induction) 交流電源 (AC power source) 直流電源 (DC power source) インバーター (inverter) 変圧器 (transformer) 整流器 (rectifier) コンデンサ (capacitor) インダクタンス (inductance) 共振 (resonance) アナログ回路 (analog circuit) デジタル回路 (digital circuit) ロジック回路 (logic circuit) 廃刀令 (sword prohibition order) 相容れない (incompatible/irreconcilable) 一筋縄 (single approach) 生き馬の目を抜く (extremely shrewd) 意に沿う (to meet someone's wishes) 意に介さない (not to care/not to mind) 押しも押されもしない (undisputed/unquestioned) お眼鏡にかなう (to find favor with/to meet one's approval) 兼ねてから (for a long time) 形無し (losing all face/ruined reputation) がた落ち (sudden drop/sharp decline) きつい (harsh/strict/grueling) 切羽詰まった (desperate/at the end of one's rope) 地に足がついた (grounded/practical) 手のかかる (requiring much effort) 手放し (unreservedly/without restraint) 取り付く島がない (no way to approach) 抜き差しならない (in an irremediable situation) 根に持つ (to hold a grudge) 腹に据えかねる (cannot stomach/find unacceptable) 人ごとではない (cannot treat as other's affair) 一も二もなく (without any hesitation) 骨身にこたえる (to feel deeply/to be taxing) 二酸化炭素換算 (CO2 equivalent) ネットゼロ (net zero) スコープ排出量 (scope emissions) 環境影響評価 (environmental impact assessment) 人新世 (Anthropocene) 大絶滅 (mass extinction) 海洋酸性化 (ocean acidification) プラスチック汚染 (plastic pollution) 窒素酸化物 (nitrogen oxides) 硫黄酸化物 (sulfur oxides) 光化学スモッグ (photochemical smog) 富栄養化 (eutrophication) これをもって (with this/by this) これによって (by this/through this) これにより (by this) これを契機に (seizing this opportunity) これに先立って (prior to this) これをもとに (based on this) かいつまんで言えば (to put it briefly) あわれ (pathos/moving) もののあわれ (mono no aware (transience)) わび (wabi (subdued beauty)) さび (sabi (aged beauty)) 艶 (enchanting/alluring) 枯れた (withered/mature (aesthetic)) あだ名 (nickname) あだっぽい (coquettish/seductive) いにしえ (ancient times) うつろ (hollow/vacant) うつろな目 (empty eyes) おぼろ (hazy/dim) かすか (faint/dim) きらめく (to glitter/sparkle) たおやか (graceful/willowy) たなびく (to drift/trail) のどか (tranquil/peaceful) ほのめかす (to hint/suggest) みやびやか (elegant/graceful) まさに (exactly/precisely) 断じてしない (absolutely will not do) 一概には言えない (cannot generalize) たとえ〜としても (even if...suppose) よしんば〜ても (even if/supposing) 仮に〜としたら (if we were to suppose) もしも〜ならば (if...then) さも (as if/seemingly) げに (truly (archaic)) 国会審議 (parliamentary deliberation) 衆議院解散 (dissolution of the House) 比例代表制 (proportional representation) 小選挙区制 (single-member district system) 政党交付金 (political party subsidy) 政治献金 (political donation) 公権力 (public authority/power) 浮き世離れした (out of touch with reality/other-worldly) お人好し (good-natured/naive) 小賢しい (slyly clever/crafty) くどい (verbose/persistent) たいくつな (boring/tedious) 嘘くさい (suspicious/fishy) あやかしい (mysterious/weird) おぞましい (horrifying/revolting) 生々しい (vivid/graphic) 禍々しい (ominous/sinister) 生温い (not strict enough/tepid) おおどか (calm/composed) 手短な (brief/concise) 人の振り見て我が振り直せ (learn from others' behavior) 蓼食う虫も好き好き (there's no accounting for tastes) 鬼に金棒 (giving an ogre an iron club) 雉も鳴かずば撃たれまい (the pheasant wouldn't be shot if it didn't cry) 泣きっ面に蜂 (a bee sting on a crying face) 藪をつついて蛇を出す (poking a bush and finding a snake) 火のないところに煙は立たぬ (no smoke without fire) 郷に入れば郷に従え (when in Rome, do as the Romans do) 弱り目に祟り目 (when it rains it pours) 負け犬の遠吠え (a defeated dog howls from afar) 隣の芝生は青い (the grass is always greener) 派生商品 (derivative product) 先物取引 (futures trading) オプション取引 (options trading) コール・オプション (call option) プット・オプション (put option) スワップ取引 (swap transaction) 裁定取引 (arbitrage) 空売り (short selling) 信用取引 (margin trading) 株式公開 (stock listing) 流動性 (liquidity) ベータ値 (beta coefficient) シャープレシオ (Sharpe ratio) VaR (Value at Risk) マーケットメーカー (market maker) 板 (order book) 大規模言語モデル (large language model) 汎化能力 (generalization ability) バイアスと分散 (bias-variance tradeoff) Web3 (Web3) 系 (corollary) 論駁 (refutation) 試行 (trial/attempt) フーガ (fugue) 即興演奏 (improvisation) 対位法 (counterpoint) 和声学 (harmony) 音律 (musical scale/temperament) 平均律 (equal temperament) ドリア旋法 (Dorian mode) シュルレアリスム (surrealism) ダダイズム (Dadaism) フォービスム (Fauvism) キュビスム (Cubism) バウハウス (Bauhaus) モダニズム建築 (Modernist architecture) ポストモダン建築 (Postmodern architecture) デコンストラクティビズム (Deconstructivism) 有機的建築 (organic architecture) 懐柔する (to appease/win over) 弾劾する (to impeach) 勾留する (to detain) 拿捕する (to capture/seize) 逃亡する (to flee) 扇動する (to incite/agitate) 唆す (to instigate) 詐欺る (to swindle (slang)) 剥奪する (to deprive/strip of) 放棄する (to abandon/relinquish) 委譲する (to transfer/delegate) 統轄する (to supervise/control) 牽制する (to check/restrain) けん制する (to keep in check) 抑止する (to deter) アファーマティブアクション (affirmative action) ポジティブアクション (positive action) クオータ制 (quota system) 家父長制 (patriarchy) マチズモ (machismo) ミソジニー (misogyny) セクシズム (sexism) レイシズム (racism) エイジズム (ageism) アブレイズム (ableism) フォビア (phobia) ホモフォビア (homophobia) 交差性 (intersectionality) 特権 (privilege) 白人特権 (white privilege) 威圧的 (intimidating/coercive) 圧倒的 (overwhelming) 鮮烈な (vivid/striking) 凄絶な (tragic/intense) 壮烈な (heroic/brave/magnificent) 苛烈な (harsh/severe) 惨烈な (tragic/terrible) 激烈な (fierce/intense) 熾烈な (fierce/intense) 華麗な (gorgeous/brilliant) 絢爛な (gorgeous/splendid) 煌びやかな (glittering/dazzling) 勇ましい (brave/courageous) きびきびした (brisk/lively) はきはきした (cheerful/brisk) てきぱきした (efficient/brisk) ぼやっとした (vague/blurry) ぼーっとした (absentminded/dazed) ぼんやりした (vague/hazy) 恣意的 (arbitrary) 本質的 (essential/fundamental) 付随的 (incidental/accompanying) 実証的 (empirical) 反省的 (reflective) 循環的 (cyclical) 線形的 (linear) 〜がましい (seemingly/somewhat) 押しつけがましい (pushy/overbearing) 〜めく (to seem like/have the air of) 春めく (to have a spring-like feel) 秋めく (to have an autumnal feel) 旅めく (to have a travel-like atmosphere) 古めかしい (old-fashioned/antiquated) いにしえめく (to have an ancient atmosphere) 寂しげ (seeming lonely) 悲しげ (seeming sad) 不安げ (seeming uneasy) 不思議げ (seeming puzzled) 〜らしさ (the quality of being...) 男らしさ (manliness) 女らしさ (femininity) 子どもらしさ (childlikeness) コアコンピタンス (core competence) コストリーダーシップ (cost leadership) ニッチ戦略 (niche strategy) ブルーオーシャン (blue ocean strategy) レッドオーシャン (red ocean strategy) ディスラプション (disruption) バリューチェーン (value chain) スケールメリット (scale merit/economy of scale) 先発優位 (first-mover advantage) 後発優位 (late-mover advantage) 社殿 (shrine building) 御神体 (sacred object of worship) 神璽 (sacred seal/imperial regalia) 三種の神器 (three sacred imperial treasures) 八百万の神 (eight million gods) 祓 (purification ritual) 禊 (purification by water) 御神渡り (Omiwatari (lake ice phenomenon)) 仏性 (Buddha nature) 修験道 (Shugendo (mountain asceticism)) 密教 (esoteric Buddhism) 公案 (koan (Zen riddle)) 本音を引き出す (to draw out one's true feelings) 本音をぶつける (to confront with one's true feelings) 顔色を読む (to read someone's expression/mood) 間を読む (to read the atmosphere) 足並みを揃える (to keep pace/align with others) 足並みが乱れる (to be out of step) 首を縦に振る (to nod in agreement) 首を横に振る (to shake one's head) 渋い顔をする (to make a reluctant face) 難色を示す (to show reluctance) 嫌な顔をする (to make a disapproving face) しかめ面 (frown/grimace) 能面のような (poker-faced (like a Noh mask)) 腹の底で (deep down/in one's heart) 呼び水 (pump-priming/trigger) 道標 (guidepost/signpost) 旗印 (banner/symbol) 肝心な (essential/vital) 肝心要な (most important/crucial) かなめ (key point/pivot) 構図 (composition/structure) 全体像 (overall picture) 一望できる (to get a full view of) 大局を見る (to see the big picture) 形態論 (morphology) 統語論 (syntax) 俗字 (colloquial character form) 当て字 (phonetic use of kanji) 破竹の勢い (unstoppable momentum) 百鬼夜行 (parade of ghouls/disorderly group) 有名無実 (nominal but not real) 面目躍如 (being in one's element) 鳴かず飛ばず (making no progress/obscure) 晴耕雨読 (farming in good weather, reading in bad) 無常観 (sense of impermanence) 色即是空 (form is emptiness) 徳目 (virtues/moral principles) 徳治 (rule by virtue) 孝 (filial piety) 悌 (brotherly love) 忠 (loyalty) 廉 (integrity/incorruptibility) 清廉潔白 (pure and upright) 斟酌する (to consider/take into account) 思慮する (to deliberate/consider carefully) 思索する (to contemplate/think deeply) 推察する (to surmise/infer) 憶測する (to conjecture/speculate) 論及する (to touch upon/refer to) 言及する (to mention/refer to) 問う (to question/pursue) 省察する (to reflect/introspect) 検討を加える (to examine/study further) 掘り起こす (to dig up/unearth) 精査する (to scrutinize) 精吟する (to carefully read/appreciate) 茶の湯 (tea ceremony) 空手道 (karate) 連句 (linked verse) 合計特殊出生率 (total fertility rate) 移民政策 (immigration policy) 難民受け入れ (refugee acceptance) 外国人技能実習制度 (technical intern training program) 特定技能 (specified skilled worker visa) ディープフェイク (deepfake) 情報操作 (information manipulation) 世論操作 (manipulation of public opinion) ネット依存 (internet addiction) 道徳的相対主義 (moral relativism) 社会契約説 (social contract theory) 抵抗権 (right of resistance) 一般意志 (general will) 功利の原理 (principle of utility) 善意の嘘 (white lie/benevolent deception) カントの義務論 (Kantian deontology) 定言命法 (categorical imperative) はしゃぐ (to frolic/get excited) くだもの (fruit (written word)) いちごさん (debut client (geisha term)) おちょこ (small sake cup) せともの (chinaware/pottery) きものやさん (kimono shop) たびもの (travel goods/journey) めりはり (variation/contrast) 差し控える (to refrain from) 差し障る (to be a hindrance) 見て取る (to perceive/see clearly) 行き渡る (to spread throughout) 飛び込む (to jump into/dive in) 無添加 (additive-free) マクロビオティクス (macrobiotics) 食育 (food education) フードマイレージ (food mileage) スローフード (slow food) 良性腫瘍 (benign tumor) 悪性腫瘍 (malignant tumor) 転移 (metastasis) ゲノム医療 (genomic medicine) ひと肌脱ぐ (to pitch in/help out) 腕まくりをする (to roll up one's sleeves) 身を削る (to sacrifice oneself) 身を投じる (to devote oneself to/plunge into) 意を尽くす (to fully express one's thoughts) 主張を通す (to get one's point across) 意見を曲げる (to change one's opinion) 話をぼかす (to be vague in one's speech) 答えをはぐらかす (to evade a question) 口先だけ (just words/lip service) 押し黙る (to fall silent) 閉口する (to be at a loss for words) 言葉を濁す (to be vague/equivocal) 場がしらける (the mood becomes awkward) 場を取り持つ (to mediate/moderate the atmosphere) 色めく (to become lively/brighten up) 一泡吹かせる (to give someone a nasty surprise) 一泡吹かせてやる (to teach someone a lesson) 鼻を明かす (to outwit/surprise someone) 煮え湯を飲まされる (to be betrayed/stabbed in the back) 裏をかく (to outmaneuver/catch off guard) 半導体製造 (semiconductor manufacturing) マイクロプロセッサ (microprocessor) フォトリソグラフィ (photolithography) 射出成形 (injection molding) 意匠権 (design right) クロスライセンス (cross-licensing) マクロ経済学 (macroeconomics) ミクロ経済学 (microeconomics) 行動経済学 (behavioral economics) ゲーム理論 (game theory) 囚人のジレンマ (prisoner's dilemma) ナッシュ均衡 (Nash equilibrium) 情報の非対称性 (information asymmetry) 逆選択 (adverse selection) モラルハザード (moral hazard) いびる (to bully/torment) うごめく (to squirm/wriggle) うごめいている (writhing/squirming) かすめる (to graze/flash past) こびる (to flatter/fawn) こびへつらう (to flatter/sycophant) さいなむ (to torment/torture) しいたげる (to oppress/persecute) たしなめる (to admonish gently) とがめる (to blame/accuse) とぼける (to feign ignorance/play dumb) にじり寄る (to approach inch by inch) ねたむ (to be jealous/envious) はける (to be sold/disposed of) ふるまう (to treat/entertain) まくしたてる (to talk rapidly) みすみす (to let happen before one's eyes) むしばむ (to eat into/corrode) やつれる (to become gaunt/emaciated) よそおう (to pretend/disguise) よだれが出る (to drool) わずらわせる (to trouble/bother) 一石 (one stone) 遺恨 (grudge/resentment) 畏怖 (awe/dread) 畏敬 (reverence/awe) 慰撫 (soothing/comforting) 威容 (imposing appearance) 一矢を報いる (to fight back/retaliate) 失意 (disappointment/despair) 自暴自棄 (despair/giving up on oneself) 諦観 (resignation/enlightened acceptance) 諦念 (thought of resignation) 敬虔 (pious/devout) 慄然 (horrified/shuddering) 悄然 (dejected/crestfallen) 惘然 (dumbfounded) 呆然 (stunned/blank) 唖然 (dumbfounded/stupefied) 茫漠 (vast/indistinct) 渺渺 (vast/boundless) 潺潺 (babbling (of water)) 萌芽 (bud/sprout (of ideas)) 嚆矢 (the origin/first example) 濫觴 (origin/beginning) 一端 (one aspect/part) 先鞭 (first move/initiative) 先鞭をつける (to take the initiative) 起点 (starting point) 一里塚 (milestone) 里程標 (milestone) 前途 (future prospects) 前途有望 (promising future) 成る (to become/come to be) 功成り名遂げる (to achieve success and fame) 修羅場 (bloody conflict/chaotic scene) 暗中模索 (groping in the dark) 暗礁に乗り上げる (to run aground/hit a snag) 右往左往 (running around in confusion) 右顧左眄 (hesitating/looking about indecisively) 右に出る者がいない (second to none) 内外 (inside and outside) 古今 (ancient and modern times) あの世 (the other world/afterlife) この世 (this world) 前世 (previous life) 現世 (this world/present life) 輪廻転生 (transmigration of souls) 魂魄 (soul and spirit) 幽霊 (ghost) 亡霊 (spirit of the dead) 怨霊 (vengeful spirit) 精霊 (spirit/elf) 鬼火 (will-o'-the-wisp) 狐火 (foxfire) 化け物 (monster/goblin) 妖怪 (yokai/supernatural creature) 物の怪 (vengeful spirit/demon) 枕詞 (pillow word (fixed epithet in waka)) 掛詞 (kakekotoba (pivot word)) 日記文学 (diary literature) 物語文学 (tale literature) えんえんと (endlessly/at great length) げんに (actually/in fact) あっけらかんとした (nonchalant/carefree) あっぱれな (admirable/splendid) あどけない (innocent/childlike) あやふやな (vague/ambiguous) あわただしい (busy/hectic) いかめしい (stern/imposing) いたましい (pitiful/painful to see) いぶかしい (suspicious/doubtful) うやうやしい (respectful/reverent) うらめしい (reproachful/resentful) おこがましい (presumptuous/impertinent) かいがいしい (diligent/industrious) かぐわしい (fragrant/sweet-smelling) けたたましい (loud/clamorous) こころない (thoughtless/inconsiderate) こころよい (pleasant/comfortable) さびしい (lonely) 謂れ (reason/origin) 謂われのない (groundless/unfounded) 業物 (finely crafted sword) 驕り (arrogance/pride) 驕りたかぶる (to be arrogant) 矜恃 (pride/dignity) 放縦 (self-indulgent/unbridled) 放埓 (debauched/dissolute) 淫蕩 (licentious/debauched) 物見遊山 (sightseeing/pleasure trip) 行楽 (pleasure trip/outing) 逍遥 (strolling/wandering) 相殺 (offsetting/canceling out) 脆弱性 (vulnerability/fragility) 合理性 (rationality) 効率性 (efficiency) 適切性 (appropriateness) 網羅性 (comprehensiveness) モビリティ (mobility) グローバルサウス (Global South) グリーンウォッシュ (greenwashing) 諌める (to remonstrate/admonish) 哀れむ (to pity/feel compassion) 侮る (to underestimate/belittle) 卑しめる (to humble/demean) 弄する (to play with/manipulate) 愚弄する (to make a fool of/ridicule) 嘲笑う (to ridicule/deride) 嘲る (to mock/jeer) 毛嫌いする (to dislike for no reason) 歯牙にもかけない (to not even give a second thought) 取り合わない (to ignore/not take seriously) 相手にしない (to not bother with) 躊躇う (to hesitate) 辞さない (to not hesitate/not refuse) 辞する (to take leave/resign) 辞任する (to resign) 就任する (to assume office) 歴任する (to successively hold positions) 勤める (to work/serve) 立法府 (legislative body) 行政府 (executive branch) 司法府 (judicial branch) 解散総選挙 (dissolution and general election) 内閣不信任決議 (vote of no confidence) 政策提言 (policy recommendation) 被告人 (defendant (criminal)) 弁護士費用 (attorney fees) 強制執行 (compulsory execution) かぶき (kabuki-esque/flamboyant) あはれ (pathos/sadness (classical)) 有為転変 (vicissitudes of life) 侘 (wabi (rustic simplicity)) 寂 (sabi (aged beauty)) 余情 (lingering sentiment) 情趣 (emotional quality/artistic sentiment) 趣 (taste/elegance) 風情 (atmosphere/elegance) 追随 (following/pursuring) 凌駕 (surpassing/excelling) 超克 (overcoming/transcending) 節制 (moderation/temperance) 禁欲 (asceticism/abstinence) 禁欲主義 (asceticism) 享楽 (pleasure/enjoyment) 享楽主義 (hedonism) 虚無 (nihility/emptiness) 形而下学 (physics/natural science) 解釈学 (hermeneutics) ならではの (unique to/only possible with) に相違ない (without doubt/certainly) に違いない (must be/certainly) に決まっている (it's decided/surely) にもまして (even more than) とあいまって (combined with) を皮切りに (starting from/beginning with) にこたえて (in response to) に当たって (when/at the time of) に先立って (prior to/before) に伴って (along with/accompanied by) に即して (in accordance with) に即した (in line with) 心的外傷後ストレス障害 (PTSD) 解離性障害 (dissociative disorder) 自閉スペクトラム症 (autism spectrum disorder) 躁うつ病 (bipolar disorder) アルツハイマー型認知症 (Alzheimer's-type dementia) レビー小体型認知症 (Lewy body dementia) 進歩的 (progressive) 代表的 (representative/typical) 模範的 (exemplary) 象徴的 (symbolic) 暗示的 (suggestive/implicit) 初春 (early spring/first spring) 晩春 (late spring) 残春 (late spring lingering) 初夏 (early summer) 盛夏 (midsummer) 晩夏 (late summer) 初秋 (early autumn) 秋深し (deep autumn) 晩秋 (late autumn) 初冬 (early winter) 厳冬 (severe winter) 春霞 (spring haze) 冬将軍 (King Winter) 蕗 (butterbur) 蓬 (mugwort) 葛 (arrowroot/kudzu) 松毬 (pine cone) 有効 (yuko (valid point)) 技あり (waza-ari (half point)) 不戦勝 (walkover victory) 連勝 (consecutive victories) 連敗 (consecutive defeats) 全勝 (undefeated) 全敗 (all losses) 優勝争い (championship race) 接戦 (close game/tight match) 逆転勝ち (comeback victory) 引退 (retirement from active duty) 現役 (active duty/currently active) 代打 (pinch hitter) 助っ人 (aid/assistant/reinforcement) 月見 (moon viewing) 春彼岸 (spring equinox week (grave visiting)) 秋彼岸 (autumn equinox week (grave visiting)) 建国記念の日 (National Foundation Day) 昭和の日 (Showa Day) みどりの日 (Greenery Day) ぼうっと (absent-mindedly/hazily) ぼんやりと (vaguely/absentmindedly) くっきりと (clearly/distinctly (of outline)) ぼそぼそと (mutteringly/incoherently) ごそごそと (rustlingly/scratchingly) ひそひそと (whispering/in a low voice) ざわざわと (noisily/with a buzz) しんしんと (quietly/steadily (falling snow)) とんとんと (with a tap-tap sound) ごつごつと (jaggedly/roughly) つるつると (smoothly/slippery) ざらざらと (roughly/coarsely) ふわふわと (fluffy/floating) もわもわと (misty/hazy) むくむくと (puffing up/swelling) もこもこと (fluffy/woolly) ごろごろと (rumbling/rolling) きらきらと (sparklingly/glitteringly) 圃場 (farmfield) 輪作 (crop rotation) 休耕 (leaving fields fallow) 農耕 (farming/cultivation) 温帯低気圧 (extratropical cyclone) 熱帯低気圧 (tropical depression) 気圧配置 (pressure pattern) 磁気嵐 (magnetic storm) マグマ (magma) 蔓延 (spreading/proliferating) 汚濁 (contamination/turbidity) 汚染源 (source of contamination) 河川敷 (dry riverbed/riverside) 渇水 (drought/water shortage) 波浪 (waves) 叙事詩 (epic poem/narrative poetry) 叙情詩 (lyric poem) 散文詩 (prose poem) 詩集 (poetry collection) 短歌集 (collection of tanka) 狂歌 (kyoka (satirical waka poem)) 絵巻 (picture scroll) 萩焼 (Hagi ware) 信楽焼 (Shigaraki ware) 揺らぐ (to waver/shake) 揺れ動く (to sway/waver) 揺るがす (to shake/disturb) 覆す (to overturn/reverse) 覆る (to be overturned) 乗っ取る (to take over/seize) にべもない (cold/blunt refusal) けんもほろろ (brusquely refusing) 顔色一つ変えない (without batting an eye) 眼中にない (to not be worth noticing) 取るに足りない (trivial/not worth bothering with) もってのほか (outrageous/out of the question) 言語道断 (outrageous/beyond words) 論外 (out of the question/absurd) 笑止千万 (ridiculous/laughable) お笑い種 (laughing stock) 烏滸がましい (presumptuous/impertinent) 思い上がった (conceited/arrogant) 生意気な (impudent/cheeky) お節介な (nosy/meddlesome) 余計なお世話 (meddling/unwanted interference) 大きなお世話 (none of your business) 外貨準備高 (foreign exchange reserves) ゼロ金利 (zero interest rate) テーパリング (tapering) 石橋を叩いて渡る (to knock on a stone bridge before crossing it (to be overly cautious)) 善は急げ (make haste with good deeds) 一寸先は闇 (the future is dark one inch ahead) 光陰矢のごとし (time flies like an arrow) 人生は短し、芸術は長し (life is short, art is long) 見ぬが花 (things not seen are more beautiful) 糠に釘 (driving a nail into rice bran (futile effort)) 豚に真珠 (pearls before swine) 柳の下のどじょう (a loach under the willow (you can't be lucky twice)) 下手の横好き (loving something you're bad at) 抗がん剤 (anticancer drug) 畳の間 (tatami room) 欄干 (railing/balustrade) 棟 (ridge/the main beam) 茅葺き (thatched roof) 瓦葺き (tiled roof) 寺社建築 (shrine and temple architecture) 神殿 (shrine building) 手水舎 (purification font) お祓い (purification ceremony) 祓い (purification ritual) 大祓 (Great Purification ceremony) 宮司 (chief priest of shrine) 巫女 (shrine maiden) 浅はかな (shallow/thoughtless) 抜け目のない (shrewd/astute) 如才ない (tactful/socially adept) 心ない (heartless/inconsiderate) 恥知らずな (shameless) 往生際が悪い (refusing to give up/poor loser) 強か (tough/shrewd) むくつけき (coarse/uncouth) 気障な (affected/pretentious) 俗っぽい (vulgar/mundane) 古臭い (outdated/old-fashioned) 野暮な (uncultured/unsophisticated) 要領のいい (efficient/smart) 要領の悪い (inefficient/clumsy) もの覚えのいい (having a good memory) 認知症ケア (dementia care) 障害者雇用 (employment of persons with disabilities) 合理的配慮 (reasonable accommodation) 同一労働同一賃金 (equal pay for equal work) 雇用格差 (employment inequality) 労働争議 (labor dispute) ロックアウト (lockout) 団体交渉 (collective bargaining) 文語体 (literary/classical style) 口語体 (colloquial/spoken style) 雅文体 (elegant classical style) 漢文訓読 (kanbun kundoku reading) 混種語 (hybrid word) 差別語 (discriminatory term) 婉曲語 (euphemism) 忌み言葉 (taboo words) 非核三原則 (Three Non-Nuclear Principles) 核抑止力 (nuclear deterrence) 核軍縮 (nuclear disarmament) 核拡散防止 (nuclear non-proliferation) 多国籍軍 (multinational force) 有志連合 (coalition of the willing) 地域紛争 (regional conflict) 難民問題 (refugee problem) 二国間協定 (bilateral agreement) 多国間交渉 (multilateral negotiation) ローコード (low-code) ノーコード (no-code) デブオプス (DevOps) コンテナ技術 (container technology) ゼロトラスト (zero trust security) 脆弱性対策 (vulnerability countermeasures) 析出 (precipitation/crystallization) 結晶化 (crystallization) 重合 (polymerization) 共重合 (copolymerization) 分子量 (molecular weight) 原子番号 (atomic number) 放射性崩壊 (radioactive decay) 被捕食者 (prey) 渡り鳥 (migratory bird) 季節移動 (seasonal migration) 呼吸作用 (respiration) 窒素固定 (nitrogen fixation) 腐植 (humus) 立ち振る舞い (behavior/conduct/demeanor) 物腰 (manner/bearing) 所作 (behavior/action) 振る舞い (behavior/demeanor) 言動 (words and actions) 行いを正す (to correct one's behavior) 身持ち (behavior/conduct) 身持ちがいい (well-behaved) 身持ちが悪い (misbehaving) けじめをつける (to make a clear distinction) 道理をわきまえる (to know what is reasonable) 出しゃばる (to push oneself forward/be nosy) 僭越ながら (if I may be so bold/presumptuous as) 格をわきまえる (to know one's status) 礼を失する (to be impolite/discourteous) 危機一髪 (hair-breadth escape) 急転直下 (sudden drastic turn) 九死一生 (narrow escape from death) 公明正大 (fair and upright) 人面獣心 (human face, beast heart) 天下無敵 (invincible) 文武両道 (excellence in both academics and martial arts) 名実一体 (name and substance are one) 率先垂範 (leading by example) 主体的学習 (active learning) 問題解決型学習 (problem-based learning) プロジェクト型学習 (project-based learning) 反転授業 (flipped classroom) 教授法 (teaching methodology) シラバス (syllabus) 評価基準 (evaluation criteria) 内申点 (school record grade) 学習塾 (cram school) 浪人 (ronin (exam repeater)) 忌まわしい (abominable/hateful) 口惜しい (regrettable/vexing) ほほえましい (heartwarming) まぶしい (dazzling/brilliant) たまらなく好き (like tremendously) たまらなく嫌 (find unbearable) 短気な (short-tempered/hot-headed) 心が広い (broad-minded/generous) ボゾン (boson) フェルミオン (fermion) インフレーション理論 (inflation theory (cosmology)) 勾留 (detention/custody) 拘置 (detention) 勾留状 (detention warrant) 逮捕状 (arrest warrant) 捜査令状 (search warrant) 黙秘権 (right to remain silent) 接見禁止 (prohibition of visits) 保釈 (bail) 確定判決 (final judgment) 死刑 (death penalty) 禁固 (imprisonment without labor) 過料 (administrative fine) 補償金 (compensation money) 主導権を握る (to seize the initiative) 手綱を締める (to tighten the reins) 手綱を緩める (to loosen the reins) 鼻を明かせる (to get the better of someone) 鼻を高くする (to feel proud) 鼻にかける (to show off/be conceited about) 腹の虫が収まらない (to be unable to swallow one's anger) 腹に一物ある (to have an ulterior motive) 腰砕けになる (to buckle/fall apart midway) 足元を見る (to take advantage of weakness) 弄ばれる (to be toyed with) 煙たがられる (to be avoided/treated like a nuisance) 煙に巻かれる (to be confused/overwhelmed) 鵜呑みにする (to swallow whole/take at face value) 寝耳に水 (a bolt from the blue/surprise news) 寝た子を起こす (to wake a sleeping child/stir up trouble) 触らぬ神に祟りなし (let sleeping gods lie/don't stir up trouble) 薮を突いて蛇を出す (to poke a bush and flush out a snake) 藪蛇 (backfiring/making things worse for oneself) 火に油を注ぐ (to add fuel to the fire) 嵐の前の静けさ (the calm before the storm) 怪我の功名 (unexpected benefit from a mistake) 鴨が葱を背負ってくる (the duck brings its own sauce) とんびに油揚げをさらわれる (to have something stolen from under one's nose) 鰯の頭も信心から (faith can make even a sardine's head sacred) 紺屋の白袴 (the dyer's white hakama) 木綿 (cotton) レース (lace) 縮緬 (chirimen (crinkled silk)) 紬 (tsumugi (pongee silk)) 帯揚げ (obiage (sash padding)) 褄 (hem/edge of kimono) 大脳 (cerebrum) 小脳 (cerebellum) 脳幹 (brainstem) 海馬 (hippocampus) 扁桃体 (amygdala) 視床下部 (hypothalamus) 十二指腸 (duodenum) 盲腸 (appendix) 副腎 (adrenal gland) 半月板 (meniscus) 墾田永年私財法 (Konden Einen Shizai Ho (permanent cultivation law, 743)) 律令国家 (ritsuryo state) 摂関政治 (regency politics) 院政 (retired emperor rule) 御恩と奉公 (favor and service (feudal system)) 御成敗式目 (Goseibai Shikimoku (warrior code)) 参勤交代 (sankin-kotai (alternate attendance)) 鎖国令 (seclusion edict) 黒船来航 (arrival of Black Ships) 版籍奉還 (return of land and people to emperor) 西南戦争 (Satsuma Rebellion) 自由民権運動 (Freedom and People's Rights Movement) 大日本帝国憲法 (Meiji Constitution) 五・一五事件 (May 15 Incident (1932)) 二・二六事件 (February 26 Incident (1936)) 終戦の詔書 (Imperial Rescript on Surrender) 不協和音 (dissonance) 臨時記号 (accidental (sharp/flat)) 主調 (tonic key) カノン (canon) 声楽 (vocal music) 器楽 (instrumental music) 弦楽 (string music) 管楽 (wind music) 勢力均衡 (balance of power) 不干渉の原則 (principle of non-interference) 主権侵害 (sovereignty violation) 一帯一路 (Belt and Road Initiative) インド太平洋 (Indo-Pacific) クアッド (Quad (security framework)) 核抑止 (nuclear deterrence) 軍備管理 (arms control) 軍縮条約 (disarmament treaty) 条約義務 (treaty obligation) 国連決議 (UN resolution) 制裁措置 (sanction measures) 誇張法 (hyperbole) 反語法 (irony) アナフォラ (anaphora) 漸層法 (climax/gradation) 畳句 (repetition/refrain) 頭韻 (alliteration) 押韻 (rhyme) 句跨がり (enjambment) インタータクスト (intertextuality) 崩れる (to crumble/collapse) 崩す (to collapse/break down) 傾ける (to tilt/devote) 集合論 (set theory) 位相空間 (topological space) 統計的推測 (statistical inference) 仮説検定 (hypothesis testing) 有意水準 (significance level) 主成分分析 (principal component analysis) 汎化性能 (generalization performance) おざなりな (perfunctory/done for appearance) こぢんまり (compact/cozy) こまやかな (delicate/attentive) しみじみと (deeply/sincerely) しょんぼりと (dejectedly/despondently) すがすがしい (refreshing/invigorating) せかせかと (hurriedly/in a rush) ちゃっかりした (shrewd/opportunistic) とぼとぼと (plodding along wearily) のびのびした (free and easy/relaxed) のろのろと (slowly/sluggishly) まごまごと (flustered/confused) むっつりした (sullen/morose) もたもたと (sluggishly/clumsily) ゆったりと (leisurely/ample) 遠洋漁業 (deep-sea fishing) 近海漁業 (inshore fishing) 漁獲量 (catch volume) 持続可能な漁業 (sustainable fishery) 林道 (forest road) 楷書 (kaisho (standard script)) 行書 (gyosho (semi-cursive script)) 草書 (sosho (cursive script)) 篆書 (tensho (seal script)) 隷書 (reisho (clerical script)) 硯 (inkstone) 墨 (ink stick/ink) 毛筆 (writing brush) 半紙 (hanshi (calligraphy paper)) 屏風 (folding screen) 扇子 (folding fan) うちわ (round fan) 根付 (netsuke (miniature carving)) 印籠 (inro (medicine case)) 刀装具 (sword fittings) 鐔 (tsuba (sword guard)) 茶杓 (chaShaku (tea scoop)) 長距離バス (long-distance bus) 深夜バス (late-night bus) 連節バス (articulated bus) 寝台列車 (sleeper train) キセル (kisel (fare evasion)) 予報円 (forecast circle (typhoon track prediction)) 暴風域 (storm area) 強風域 (gale force area) 最大瞬間風速 (maximum instantaneous wind speed) 気圧傾度 (pressure gradient) 逆転層 (temperature inversion layer) 対流不安定 (convective instability) 熱雷 (heat thunder) 上陸 (landfall) 北上 (moving northward) 気温逆転 (temperature inversion) ヒートアイランド (heat island effect) 都市熱 (urban heat) 放射冷却 (radiative cooling) 霜害 (frost damage) 喜び勇む (to be elated/jubilant) 手を打って喜ぶ (to clap one's hands in joy) 胸躍る (to feel one's heart leap) 心弾む (to feel one's spirits lift) 有頂天になる (to be in seventh heaven) 感極まる (to be overcome with emotion) 心が揺さぶられる (to be emotionally moved) 感慨無量 (with a deep sense of emotion) 涙を呑む (to swallow one's tears) ぐっとこらえる (to endure/hold back strongly) 心が痛い (to feel emotional pain) 断腸の思い (heartbreaking feeling) 悲嘆に暮れる (to be immersed in grief) あたかも〜かのように (as if/just as though) 押しなべて (on the whole/generally) 概念的に (conceptually) 実態として (in terms of reality) 理念上 (ideologically/in theory) 建前として (in principle/officially) 本音では (in reality/actually) 規制改革 (regulatory reform) 国家予算 (national budget) 一般会計 (general account) 特別会計 (special account) 国債残高 (outstanding government debt) プライマリーバランス (primary balance) 財政健全化 (fiscal consolidation) 税収 (tax revenue) 剰余金 (surplus) もとより〜は言うに及ばず (naturally, not to mention) 概ね (mostly/generally) ゆめゆめ〜するな (never (under any circumstances)) 行き掛かり (in the course of things) 行き掛かり上 (by the way things have gone) 先鋭化 (radicalization/becoming sharper) 形骸化 (becoming a mere formality) おもむく (to head to/proceed) ことなかれ (avoiding trouble at all costs) やりすごす (to let pass/miss) うとむ (to dislike/alienate) そぐわない (unsuitable/inconsistent) そぐう (to be suitable/consistent) かまける (to be absorbed in) かかわる (to be involved/related to) ねじれる (to twist/warp) すなおな (honest/straightforward/obedient) けなげな (brave/gallant (touching)) いじらしい (pitiful/endearing) こっぱずかしい (terribly embarrassing) くだらない (meaningless/trivial) たわいない (childish/naive/silly) 連帯責任 (joint responsibility) 共同責任 (collective responsibility) 加担 (participation/complicity) 荷担する (to be complicit/participate) 扇動 (instigation/incitement) 誘惑 (temptation/lure) 懐柔 (appeasement/conciliation) 服従 (obedience/submission) 逸脱 (deviation/departure) 同調 (conformity/going along) 村八分 (ostracism (community punishment)) 一任する (to entrust entirely) 委ねる (to entrust/leave to) 委任 (commission/delegation) 権限逸脱 (exceeding authority) 越権行為 (unauthorized act/ultra vires) 恣意的解釈 (arbitrary interpretation) 拡大解釈 (expansive interpretation) 縮小解釈 (restrictive interpretation) 文理解釈 (textual interpretation) 論理解釈 (logical interpretation) 立法趣旨 (legislative intent) 条文解釈 (statutory interpretation) 準用 (analogical application) 類推適用 (analogical application (law)) 例外規定 (exception clause) 法律の抜け穴 (legal loophole) 有無 (presence or absence) 多寡 (quantity/more or less) 軽重 (relative importance) 高低 (high and low) 是非 (right and wrong) 真偽 (truth and falsehood) 可否 (approval or disapproval) 賛否 (approval and disapproval) 進退 (advance and retreat) 去就 (whether to stay or leave) 取捨 (selection and rejection) 生滅 (arising and passing away) 正邪 (righteousness and evil) 虚実 (fiction and fact) アーキテクチャ (architecture) インターフェース (interface) スキーマ (schema) トランザクション (transaction) スケールアウト (scale out) 非同期処理 (asynchronous processing) 並列処理 (parallel processing) 波力発電 (wave power generation) バイオ燃料 (biofuel) 次世代原子炉 (next-generation nuclear reactor) ほんろう (manipulation/being toyed with) 翻弄される (to be toyed with/tossed about) もてあます (to be at a loss how to handle) しのびない (cannot bring oneself to do) しのぶ (to endure secretly) ひもとく (to open (a book)/unravel) くみとる (to understand/read between lines) 見て見ぬふりをする (to pretend not to see) 知らぬ振りをする (to pretend not to know) すっとぼける (to play completely dumb) しらばくれる (to feign ignorance) よそよそしく (distantly/aloofly) けんか腰 (combative/belligerent attitude) つっけんどんな (curt/brusque) 横柄な (haughty/overbearing) けち (stingy/miserly) けちくさい (cheap/petty) さもしい (ignoble/covetous) 業報 (karma) 六道 (six realms (Buddhism)) 菩提 (bodhi/enlightenment) 三毒 (three poisons (greed, anger, ignorance)) 慈悲喜捨 (four immeasurables) 禅定 (meditation/dhyana) 禅問答 (Zen dialogue/koan) 悟りを開く (to attain enlightenment) 念仏 (nenbutsu (reciting Buddha's name)) 戒律 (Buddhist precepts) 出家 (leaving home/becoming a monk) 在家 (layman/householder) 法話 (dharma talk) 御詠歌 (Buddhist hymn) 利益相反 (conflict of interest) 優越的地位の濫用 (abuse of superior bargaining position) バリュエーション (valuation) フリーキャッシュフロー (free cash flow) 企業価値 (enterprise value) 株主価値 (shareholder value) うち明ける (to confide/open up) 暴く (to expose/reveal) 見破る (to see through/unmask) とらえどころのない (elusive/hard to pin down) 掴みどころのない (incomprehensible/hard to grasp) つかみどころがない (having no grip/elusive) 本質をついた (getting to the essence) 要を得た (to-the-point/apt) 的を得た (apt/to the point) 卸売物価指数 (wholesale price index) 食料品費 (food expenses) エンゲル係数 (Engel's coefficient) 生計費 (cost of living) 実質賃金 (real wages) 名目賃金 (nominal wages) 消費性向 (propensity to consume) 富の格差 (wealth gap) ジニ係数 (Gini coefficient) 下流社会 (falling-class society) 貧困の罠 (poverty trap) 社会的流動性 (social mobility) 疎む (to alienate/dislike) 傷める (to damage/hurt) うずく (to throb/ache) かじる (to gnaw/dabble in) くたびれる (to get tired/worn out) けちらす (to rout/scatter) せびる (to extort/pester for money) そそぐ (to pour into/devote) ちぢれる (to curl/crimp) つむぐ (to spin/weave) まかなう (to supply/cover (expenses)) よじる (to twist/wring) わびる (to apologize/make amends) わめく (to shout/scream) メラトニン (melatonin) インスリン抵抗性 (insulin resistance) 脂質異常症 (dyslipidemia) 高血圧症 (hypertension) 心房細動 (atrial fibrillation) 不整脈 (arrhythmia) すこぶる (extremely/very (literary)) おびただしく (in vast quantities) めっぽう (extremely/awfully) はなはだ (very much/extremely) いとも (very (classical)) 並々ならない (extraordinary/exceptional) 一通りでない (not ordinary) 生半可な (half-hearted/perfunctory) まんざらでもない (not exactly displeased) そこまで〜ない (not to that extent) 懈怠する (to be negligent/lazy) 精励する (to work diligently) 弛緩する (to relax/slacken) 苦慮する (to worry/agonize over) 沈思黙考する (to think deeply in silence) 思慮分別 (prudence/sound judgment) 浅慮 (lack of foresight) 深謀遠慮 (farsighted planning) 卓見 (superior insight) 独断 (arbitrary decision) 独断専行 (acting arbitrarily on one's own) 衆議 (deliberation by many) 衆知を集める (to pool collective wisdom)